Knut Sindre Mølmen

• Mølmen, Knut Sindre & Rønnestad, Bent (2024). A narrative review exploring advances in interval training for endurance athletes. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. ISSN 1715-5312. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0603.
• Lian, Kristian; Hammarström, Daniel; Hamarsland, Håvard; Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Moen, Sara Christine & Ellefsen, Stian (2024). Glucose ingestion before and after resistance training sessions does not augment ribosome biogenesis in healthy moderately trained young adults. European Journal of Applied Physiology. ISSN 1439-6319. doi: 10.1007/s00421-024-05446-x.
• Farup, Per Grønaas; Hamarsland, Håvard; Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Ellefsen, Stian & Hestad, Knut (2023). The Kynurenine Pathway in Healthy Subjects and Subjects with Obesity, Depression and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Pharmaceuticals. ISSN 1424-8247. 16(3). doi: 10.3390/ph16030351. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Changes in tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP) are observed in several disorders and coupled with pathophysiological deviations. Methods: This study retrospectively compared the KP in serum in healthy subjects (108) with subjects with obesity (141), depression (49), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (22) participating in four clinical studies and explored predictors of the changes in the KP metabolites. Results: Compared with the healthy group, the KP was upregulated in the disease groups with high kynurenine, quinolinic acid (QA), kynurenine/tryptophan-ratio and QA/xanthurenic acid-ratio and low kynurenic acid/QA-ratio. Tryptophan and xanthurenic acid were upregulated in the depressed group compared with the groups with obesity and COPD. The covariates BMI, smoking, diabetes, and C-reactive protein explained the significant differences between the healthy group and the group with obesity but not between the healthy group and the groups with depression and COPD, indicating that different pathophysiological conditions result in the same changes in the KP. Conclusions: The KP was significantly upregulated in the disease groups compared with the healthy group, and there were significant differences between the disease groups. Different pathophysiological abnormalities seemed to result in the same deviations in the KP.

• Rønnestad, Bent; Bjerkrheim, Kjetil André; Hansen, Joar & Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2022). A 6-day high-intensity interval microcycle improves indicators of endurance performance in elite cross-country skiers. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. ISSN 2624-9367. 4. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.948127.
• Rønnestad, Bent; Lid, Ole Martin; Hansen, Joar; Hamarsland, Håvard; Mølmen, Knut Sindre & Nygård, Håvard [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Heat suit training increases hemoglobin mass in elite cross-country skiers. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ISSN 0905-7188. doi: 10.1111/sms.14156.
• Oberholzer, Laura; Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Hammarström, Daniel; Falch, Gunnar Slettaløkken; Lundby, Anne-Kristine & Rønnestad, Bent [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2022). Resistance exercise training increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JCSM Rapid Communications. 5. doi: 10.1002/rco2.58. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunc-tion. Resistance exercise training (RT) is a training modality with a relatively small pulmonary demand that has beensuggested to increase skeletal muscle oxidative enzyme activity in COPD. Whether a shift into a more oxidative profilefollowing RT also translates into increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity in COPD is yet to be established.

• Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Hammarström, Jens Konrad Daniel; Falch, Gunnar Slettaløkken; Grundtvig, Morten; Koll, Lise & Hanestadhaugen, Marita [Show all 14 contributors for this article] (2021). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease does not impair responses to resistance training. Journal of Translational Medicine. ISSN 1479-5876. 19. doi: 10.1186/s12967-021-02969-1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prone to accelerated decay of muscle strength and mass with advancing age. This is believed to be driven by disease-inherent systemic pathophysiologies, which are also assumed to drive muscle cells into a state of anabolic resistance, leading to impaired abilities to adapt to resistance exercise training. Currently, this phenomenon remains largely unstudied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the assumed negative effects of COPD for health- and muscle-related responsiveness to resistance training using a healthy control-based translational approach. Methods: Subjects with COPD (n = 20, GOLD II-III, FEV1predicted 57 ± 11%, age 69 ± 5) and healthy controls (Healthy, n = 58, FEV1predicted 112 ± 16%, age 67 ± 4) conducted identical whole-body resistance training interventions for 13 weeks, consisting of two weekly supervised training sessions. Leg exercises were performed unilaterally, with one leg conducting high-load training (10RM) and the contralateral leg conducting low-load training (30RM). Measurements included muscle strength (nvariables = 7), endurance performance (nvariables = 6), muscle mass (nvariables = 3), muscle quality, muscle biology (m. vastus lateralis; muscle fiber characteristics, RNA content including transcriptome) and health variables (body composition, blood). For core outcome domains, weighted combined factors were calculated from the range of singular assessments. Results: COPD displayed well-known pathophysiologies at baseline, including elevated levels of systemic low-grade inflammation ([c-reactive protein]serum), reduced muscle mass and functionality, and muscle biological aberrancies. Despite this, resistance training led to improved lower-limb muscle strength (15 ± 8%), muscle mass (7 ± 5%), muscle quality (8 ± 8%) and lower-limb/whole-body endurance performance (26 ± 12%/8 ± 9%) in COPD, resembling or exceeding responses in Healthy, measured in both relative and numeric change terms. Within the COPD cluster, lower FEV1predicted was associated with larger numeric and relative increases in muscle mass and superior relative improvements in maximal muscle strength. This was accompanied by similar changes in hallmarks of muscle biology such as rRNA-content↑, muscle fiber cross-sectional area↑, type IIX proportions↓, and changes in mRNA transcriptomics. Neither of the core outcome domains were differentially affected by resistance training load. Conclusions: COPD showed hitherto largely unrecognized responsiveness to resistance training, rejecting the notion of disease-related impairments and rather advocating such training as a potent measure to relieve pathophysiologies. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02598830. Registered November 6th 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02598830. Keywords: Anabolic resistance; COPD; Pathophysiology; Skeletal muscle; Strength training; Training load.

• Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Jovanovic, Maja; Berg, Geir Vegard; Ellefsen, Stian & Grindaker, Eirik (2021). A qualitative analysis of motivational factors for resistance training in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: experiences from The Granheim COPD Study. Fysioterapeuten. ISSN 0016-3384. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Bakgrunn: Regelmessig styrketrening gir gunstige helseeffekter for personer med kronisk obstruktiv lungesykdom (KOLS), og er derfor en naturlig del av lungerehabiliteringen. Pasienters opplevelse av slik trening er imidlertid lite studert. Hensikten med denne kvalitative studien var å kartlegge erfaringer med styrketrening hos deltakere i The Granheim COPD Study. Materiale og metode: Åtte av 24 prosjektdeltakere med KOLS (kvinner/menn, n=3/n=5; KOLS grad II/III, n=4/n=4; alder, 64-79 år) gjennomførte semistrukturerte, kvalitative intervjuer i den femte av totalt 13 uker med styrketrening. Funn: Samlet for alle prosjektdeltakerne med KOLS var treningsadherensen høy (97%) og frafallet lavt (n=2 av 22) under treningsperioden. Informantene som gjennomførte kvalitative intervjuer opplevde nokså høy og stigende grad av motivasjon for å trene under intervensjonen. Dette var knyttet til tett personlig oppfølging fra treningskyndig personell og opplevelse av trygghet under treningsøktene, samt økt mestringsfølelse og økt kompetanse. Fortolkning: Personlig veiledning fra treningskyndig personell var en avgjørende faktor for å øke treningsmotivasjonen blant studiedeltakerne. Individuell tilrettelegging og oppfølging ser derfor ut til å være en forutsetning for å oppnå gode aktivitetsvaner hos personer med KOLS. Nøkkelord: atferdsendring, kvalitativ forskning, lungerehabilitering, personlig treningsveiledning, treningsmotivasjon.

• Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Hammarström, Jens Konrad Daniel; Pedersen, Karianne; Lie, Anne Cecilie Lian; Steile, Ragnvald B. & Nygård, Håvard [Show all 18 contributors for this article] (2021). Vitamin D3 supplementation does not enhance the effects of resistance training in older adults . Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. ISSN 2190-5991. 12(3), p. 599–628. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12688. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Lifestyle therapy with resistance training is a potent measure to counteract age-related loss in muscle strength and mass. Unfortunately, many individuals fail to respond in the expected manner. This phenomenon is particularly common among older adults and those with chronic diseases (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD) and may involve endocrine variables such as vitamin D. At present, the effects of vitamin D supplementation on responses to resistance training remain largely unexplored. Methods: Ninety-five male and female participants (healthy, n = 71; COPD, n = 24; age 68 ± 5 years) were randomly assigned to receive either vitamin D3 or placebo supplementation for 28 weeks in a double-blinded manner (latitude 61°N, September-May). Seventy-eight participants completed the RCT, which was initiated by 12 weeks of supplementation-only (two weeks with 10 000 IU/day, followed by 2000 IU/day), followed by 13 weeks of combined supplementation (2000 IU/day) and supervised whole-body resistance training (twice weekly), interspersed with testing and measurements. Outcome measures included multiple assessments of muscle strength (nvariables = 7), endurance performance (n = 6), and muscle mass (n = 3, legs, primary), as well as muscle quality (legs), muscle biology (m. vastus lateralis; muscle fibre characteristics, transcriptome), and health-related variables (e.g. visceral fat mass and blood lipid profile). For main outcome domains such as muscle strength and muscle mass, weighted combined factors were calculated from the range of singular assessments. Results: Overall, 13 weeks of resistance training increased muscle strength (13% ± 8%), muscle mass (9% ± 8%), and endurance performance (one-legged, 23% ± 15%; whole-body, 8% ± 7%), assessed as weighted combined factors, and were associated with changes in health variables (e.g. visceral fat, -6% ± 21%; [LDL]serum , -4% ± 14%) and muscle tissue characteristics such as fibre type proportions (e.g. IIX, -3% points), myonuclei per fibre (30% ± 65%), total RNA/rRNA abundances (15%/6-19%), and transcriptome profiles (e.g. 312 differentially expressed genes). Vitamin D3 supplementation did not affect training-associated changes for any of the main outcome domains, despite robust increases in [25(OH)D]serum (∆49% vs. placebo). No conditional effects were observed for COPD vs. healthy or pre-RCT [25(OH)D]serum . In secondary analyses, vitamin D3 affected expression of gene sets involved in vascular functions in muscle tissue and strength gains in participants with high fat mass, which advocates further study. Conclusions: Vitamin D3 supplementation did not affect muscular responses to resistance training in older adults with or without COPD. Keywords: Cholecalciferol; Muscle plasticity; Strength training. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders.

• Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Øfsteng, Sjur Johansen & Rønnestad, Bent (2019). Block periodization of endurance training – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine. ISSN 1179-1543. 10, p. 145–160. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S180408. Full text in Research Archive
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Thy, Jonas Evensen; Dalane, Stine Thallaug; Ellefsen, Stian & Falch, Gunnar Slettaløkken (2019). Muscular performance decreases with increasing complexity of resistance exercises in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Translational Sports Medicine (TSM). ISSN 2573-8488. 3(1), p. 26–33. doi: 10.1002/tsm2.118. Full text in Research Archive
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Hallén, Jostein & Rud, Bjarne (2019). Peripheral adaptations to endurance training - Effect of active muscle mass. Translational Sports Medicine (TSM). ISSN 2573-8488. 2(5), p. 240–247. doi: 10.1002/tsm2.87. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether adaptations to endurance training are affected by active muscle mass during training. Eleven healthy subjects performed 5 weeks of one‐legged knee extension (1‐KE) training with both legs, separately. During the 1‐KE workouts for one of the legs, arm cycling was added (1L2A), while the other leg only performed 1‐KE (1L). During the training sessions, the 1‐KE power output and session duration were equal for both legs. Whole‐body oxygen uptake (V̇O2), adrenaline, and noradrenaline plasma concentrations were 112% ± 11%, 139% ± 144%, and 197% ± 101% higher during 1L2A than 1L, respectively. However, this did not affect the 1‐KE training adaptations since submaximal O2‐cost, heart rate and blood lactate concentration, maximal V̇O2, and power output all improved equally in both legs. This was supported by similar capillarization and concentration of oxidative enzymes in the legs after the training period. The present study therefore indicates that the size of active muscle mass per se during exercise does not affect adaptations to endurance training.

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• Odden, Ingvill; Urianstad, Tomas & Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2024). Snart får Trond Harald sannheten på papiret. [Newspaper]. Gudbrandsdølen Dagningen (GD).
• Hågensen, Eirik & Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2024). Kols-formelen: Bedre i rekordfart. [Newspaper]. Dagbladet +.
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2024). Fysiske og sosiale effekter av trening for personer med demens.
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2024). Kombinasjon av styrke- og utholdenhetstrening for en sunn alderdom.
• Odden, Ingvill; Østli Nymoen, Lars; Urianstad, Tomas; Hammarström, Daniel; Mølmen, Knut Sindre & Rønnestad, Bent (2023). The higher fraction of V̇O2max during interval training, the greater gains in performance.
• Odden, Ingvill & Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2023). Søker utrente mennesker til gigantisk forskningsprosjekt. [Newspaper]. Gudbrandsdølen Dagningen (GD).
• Opedal, Sondre & Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2023). Oppsiktsvekkende om kols-medisin. [Newspaper]. Dagbladet.
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Roset, Kristin & Odden, Ingvill (2023). Søker utrente mennesker til gigantisk forskningsprosjekt. [Newspaper]. Gudbrandsdølen Dagningen.
• Hansson, Kenth-Arne & Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2023). Snakker forbi hverandre om nesepusting. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116.
• Hansson, Kenth-Arne & Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2023). Nesepusting fremmer neppe yteevnen i kondisjonsidretter. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116.
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Cumming, Kristoffer Toldnes; Wang, Eivind & Solberg, Trine (2023). Gå eller løpe? : dette sier forskningen. [Newspaper]. Nettavisen pluss.
• Odden, Ingvill; Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Rønnestad, Bent; Grindaker, Eirik & Nygaard, Håvard (2022). Forskning: Terskelbolkens mysterium. [Internet]. Spotify.
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2022). Effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on resistance training-associated adaptations in older adults .
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2022). Styrketrening for personer med kronisk obstruktiv lungesykdom.
• Ellefsen, Stian; Hammarström, Daniel; Mølmen, Knut Sindre & Hamarsland, Håvard (2022). The Trainome – combining exercise training and nutrition to improve the health efficacy of lifestyle therapy.
• Grindaker, Eirik; Nygård, Håvard; Ellefsen, Stian; Hamarsland, Håvard & Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2022). Podkasten "Trening": Organkonkurransen (10 episoder). [Radio]. Spotify. Show summary

  Fagpersoner fra Seksjon for Helse og Treningsfysiologi, Høgskolen i Innlandet, tar en gjennomgang av kroppens organer og diskuterer hvilke effekter fysisk aktivitet/trening har på det spesifikke organet, og hvilke responser ulike treningstyper gir. I tillegg diskuterer vi hvor avgjørende fysisk aktivitet/trening er for god organisk funksjon, og hvilken betydning organet har for effekten av trening generelt.

• Mølmen, Knut Sindre & Flekkøy, Kjetil Grude (2021). Eldre og lungesyke bør trene tungt, uten å miste pusten. [Internet]. forskning.no.
• Eckhoff, Rikke & Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2021). Foreskriver hardtrening mot kols. [Radio]. Ekko på NRK P2.
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2021). Styrketrening er medisin! - men hvordan virker det og hvem virker det for?
• Ellefsen, Stian & Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2021). The miracle cure is exercise, not vitamin D. sciencenorway.no.
• Ellefsen, Stian & Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2021). Mirakelkuren er trening, ikke vitamin D. Forskersonen.no.
• Røen, Truls August & Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2020). Løp 12 mil i strekk i Finnemarka: – Det ble lite søvn . [Newspaper]. Drammens Tidende.
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre & Hamarsland, Håvard (2020). What is this thing called muscle hypertrophy?
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Lian Lie, Anne Cecilie; Hammarström, Daniel; Lie Eriksen, Atle; Malerbakken, Bente & Ellefsen, Stian (2019). Tilpasninger til høy- og lavmotstandsstyrketrening for KOLS-rammede og friske, eldre personer.
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Lian Lie, Anne Cecilie; Hammarström, Daniel; Rønnestad, Bent; Lie Eriksen, Atle & Malerbakken, Bente [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2019). ADAPTATIONS TO HIGH-LOAD AND LOW-LOAD RESISTANCE TRAINING IN COPD PATIENTS AND HEALTHY OLDER SUBJECTS.
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2019). The Granheim COPD Study: The Granheim COPD Study: Kan styrketrening og vitamin D gi KOLS-pasienter bedre muskelstyrke og et bedre liv? .
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre & Skattebo, Øyvind (2019). Karrièreseminar for bachelor- og masterstudenter ved seksjon for helse og treningsfysiologi.
• Aasen, Ole Magnus; Mølmen, Knut Sindre & Roset, Kristin (2019). Slik lever du bedre med Kols. [Newspaper]. Dagbladet.
• Larsen, Even Olai; Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Andreassen, Marita & Lugo, Ricardo Gregorio (2018). Effects of Exercise on Cognitive Functioning in an Elderly Sample with and without COPD .
• Strupstad, John Henry & Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2018). Styrketrening med effekt for KOLS-pasienter . [Internet]. Fysioterapeuten.
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2018). The Granheim COPD Study: Styrketrening for KOLS-rammede og friske, eldre personer .
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2018). Anbefalinger for fysisk aktivitet.
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Ellefsen, Stian & Aasen, Ole Magnus (2018). The Granheim COPD Study: Kan styrketrening gi KOLS-pasienter bedre muskelstyrke og et bedre liv?
• Ringlund, Ole Martin; Mølmen, Knut Sindre & Lerstad, Thor Henning (2018). Ny treningsmetode gir kolssyke et bedre liv. [Internet]. NRK - Hedmark og Oppland.
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre & Stokland, Inger (2017). Vil du delta i et unikt forskningsprosjekt? [Newspaper]. Gudbrandsdølen Dagningen.
• Stokland, Inger & Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2017). Klare for forskerkamp. [Newspaper]. Gudbrandsdølen Dagningen.
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2017). The Granheim COPD Study: Kan styrketrening og vitamin D gi KOLS-rammede et bedre liv?
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2017). *HOST, HOST...* Gi meg styrketrening på Høgskolen i Innlandet, jeg har KOLS! *HOST, HOST...*.
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2017). The Granheim COPD Study: Kan styrketrening gi KOLS-pasienter bedre muskelstyrke og et bedre liv?
• Mølmen, Knut Sindre & Stokland, Inger (2016). Forsker på kols og trening - trenger hundre nye testpersoner. [Newspaper]. Gudbrandsdølen Dagningen.

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