Silje Hokstad

• Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegård (2023). Stuttering in individuals with Down syndrome: a systematic review of earlier research. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 14, p. 1–16. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1176743. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The main objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the evidence on the occurrence and characteristics of stuttering in individuals with Down syndrome and thus contribute knowledge about stuttering in this population. Group studies reporting outcome measures of stuttering were included. Studies with participants who were preselected based on their fluency status were excluded. We searched the Eric, PsychInfo, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection databases on 3rd January 2022 and conducted supplementary searches of the reference lists of previous reviews and the studies included in the current review, as well as relevant speech and language journals. The included studies were coded in terms of information concerning sample characteristics, measurement approaches, and stuttering-related outcomes. The appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS) was used to evaluate study quality. We identified 14 eligible studies, with a total of 1,833 participants (mean  =  131.29, standard deviation  =  227.85, median  =  45.5) between 3 and 58  years of age. The estimated occurrence of stuttering ranged from 2.38 to 56%, which is substantially higher than the estimated prevalence (1%) of stuttering in the general population. The results also showed that stuttering severity most often was judged to be mildto-moderate and that individuals with Down syndrome displayed secondary behaviors when these were measured. However, little attention has been paid to investigating the potential adverse effects of stuttering for individuals with Down syndrome. We judged the quality of the evidence to be moderate-to-low. The negative evaluation was mostly due to sampling limitations that decreased the representability and generalizability of the results. Based on the high occurrence of stuttering and the potential negative effects of this condition, individuals with Down syndrome who show signs of stuttering should be referred to a speech and language pathologist for an evaluation of their need for stuttering treatment.

• Hokstad, Silje; Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegård; Yaruss, J. Scott; Hoff, Karoline; Melle, Ane H. & Lervåg, Arne (2022). Stuttering Behavior in a National Age Cohort of Norwegian First-Graders With Down Syndrome. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research. ISSN 1092-4388. 65(11), p. 4133–4150. doi: 10.1044/2022_JSLHR-21-00605. Full text in Research Archive
• Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegård; Hokstad, Silje; Engevik, Liv Inger; Lervåg, Arne & Smith, Elizabeth (2022). A Randomized Trial of the Digital Down Syndrome LanguagePlus (DSL+) Vocabulary Intervention Program. Remedial and special education. ISSN 0741-9325. doi: 10.1177/07419325211058400. Full text in Research Archive
• Haraldseid, Ingrid T; Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegård; Guttormsen, Linn Stokke & Hokstad, Silje (2021). Stamming forekommer hyppig hos barn med Down syndrom: Resultater fra en landsomfattende empirisk studie . Norsk tidsskrift for logopedi. ISSN 0332-7256. Full text in Research Archive
• LeJeune, Lauren; Lemons, Christopher; Hokstad, Silje; Aldama, Rebeca & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2021). Parent-Implemented Oral Vocabulary Intervention for Children With Down Syndrome. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education. ISSN 0271-1214. doi: 10.1177/02711214211005846. Full text in Research Archive
• Smith, Elizabeth; Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegård (2020). Children with Down syndrome can benefit from language interventions; Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Communication Disorders. ISSN 0021-9924. 85:105992, p. 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2020.105992.
• Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard; Engevik, Liv Inger & Hokstad, Silje (2017). Prioriteres språkstimulering i opplæringstilbudet til 3. klasse-elever med Down syndrom? Norsk tidsskrift for logopedi. ISSN 0332-7256. 63(3), p. 6–13. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Språklige ferdigheter virker inn på mulighetene til sosial samhandling,selvbestemmelse og aktiv deltakelse i lek- og læringssituasjoner. Barn med Down syndrom er i risiko for utvikling av språkvansker og har derfor behov for tilpassede og systematiske språkstimuleringstiltak. Vi vil i denne artikkelen se nærmere på hvilke prioriteringer som gjøres knyttet til språkstimuleringstiltak for barn med Down syndrom.

• Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard; Engevik, Liv Inger; Hokstad, Silje & Mjøberg, Anne Grethe (2017). Vokabularstimuleringstiltak for barn med Down syndrom: Hva sier forskningen? Norsk tidsskrift for logopedi. ISSN 0332-7256. 2017(1), p. 6–17. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Vokabular synes å være av avgjørende betydning for hvordan barn med Down syndrom utvikler seg og fungerer innenfor en rekke områder, som f.eks. språk- og leseferdigheter, sosial fungering samt kvaliteten på inkluderingen i skolen. Forskning avdekker samtidig at det er få intervensjoner utviklet med tanke på stimulering av vokabular hos denne elevgruppen til tross for betydelige utfordringer knyttet til vokabulartilegnelse. Denne artikkelen gir en kort gjennomgang av vokabularutviklingen til barn med Down syndrom og hvorfor vokabularstimulering er spesielt viktig for dem. Videre beskrives sentrale faktorer som kan påvirke vokabularutviklingen og til sist følger en oversikt over relevante forskningsbaserte tiltak.

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• Engevik, Liv Inger; Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegård (2023). Språktiltak for elevar med Down syndrom.
• Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegård (2023). Språktiltak for elevar med Down syndrom.
• Hokstad, Silje; Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegård; Yauss, Scott; Karoline, Hoff & Ane, Melle (2021). Stuttering in Children with Down syndrome .
• Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegård; Haraldseid, Ingrid T; Hokstad, Silje & Linn, Guttormsen (2021). Stuttering in an Age Cohort of Children with Down Syndrome, one hour talk.
• Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard; Hokstad, Silje & Engevik, Liv Inger (2020). DSL+: Bildebøker og systematisk arbeid med ord.
• Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2019). Research visit from Vanderbilt Peabody College (blog post).
• Hokstad, Silje; Lemons, Christopher; Smith, Elizabeth & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2019). Individual variation in intervention outcomes - preliminary results from the Down syndrome LanguagePlus-project.
• Engevik, Liv Inger; Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard & Hokstad, Silje (2019). Foreløpige funn fra DSL+-prosjektet.
• Engevik, Liv Inger; Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard & Hokstad, Silje (2019). Presentasjon av språkintervensjonen DSL+.
• Engevik, Liv Inger & Hokstad, Silje (2018). Bildebokdialogar frå DSL+-prosjektet: Foreløpige funn .
• Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard & Hokstad, Silje (2018). Alternativ og supplerende kommunikasjon.
• Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2018). Grammatikk.
• Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard & Hokstad, Silje (2018). Relasjonsord, kategorier og ord i bruk.
• Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2018). Generalisering av ordkunnskap.
• Hokstad, Silje; Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard & Engevik, Liv Inger (2018). Systematisk trening .
• Engevik, Liv Inger; Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard & Hokstad, Silje (2018). Bildeboklesing.
• Engevik, Liv Inger; Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard & Hokstad, Silje (2018). Motivasjon.
• Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard; Engevik, Liv Inger & Hokstad, Silje (2018). Kartlegging.
• Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard; Smith, Elisabeth; Hokstad, Silje & Engevik, Liv Inger (2018). The effect of The Down Syndrome LanguagePlus (DSL+) Intervention; a digital intervention for improving vocabulary . Show summary

  Background: Vocabulary is shown to be a bottleneck for academic and social development. Children with Down syndrome are at risk for impaired cognitive development, including weaknesses in vocabulary. The DSL + intervention aims to be an effective vocabulary intervention for first graders who have Down syndrome. Design: The effect of the intervention is measured through a two wave randomized controlled trial with a total of 102first graders with Down syndrome randomly divided into two groups. Language tests are carried out before, during and after the intervention. In addition individual training sessions on iPad are tracked, and audio files are collected from expressive tasks. Methods: A novel 15/30 week daily vocabulary intervention was developed specifically for this project. The intervention includes an app, built on research-based knowledge about learning and language acquisition in children with Down syndrome. The app consists of digital picture books and structured language training tasks and is used to stimulate teacher-student and student-student dialogues as well as individual systematic training. The student is first given individual lessons; in this way students are familiarized with the story and related vocabulary, preparing them to participate when the picture book is subsequently implemented in the mainstream classroom. The mainstream school teachers and special educators receive online training in order to optimize the implementation quality. Results: The final data from the project will be collected in June 2018. The knowledge revealed from this study will be presented as results from Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with latent variables assessing both the direct and the indirect effect of the intervention. Implications: The results of the intervention are expected to have important practical, theoretical and methodological implications in the field of language development in children with Down syndrome, design of interventions, and the field of digital learning tools worldwide.

• Engevik, Liv Inger; Smith, Elizabeth; Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2018). The impact of scripted book-sharing used in the DSL+-intervention on literal and inferential language skills among first graders with Down syndrome .
• Smith, Elizabeth; Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2018). A systematic review of language interventions for children with Down syndrome.
• Hokstad, Silje (2018). ASK - tema for logopediens dag (bloggpost).
• Hokstad, Silje (2018). Utviklingen av visuelt materiale til DSL+-prosjektet - et spesialpedagogisk perspektiv (bloggpost).
• Hokstad, Silje (2018). Vi feirer årets internasjonale Down syndrom dag med å lansere en kommende webinar-rekke! (bloggpost) .
• Hokstad, Silje (2018). #Detvirker (bloggpost).
• Hokstad, Silje; Smith, Elizabeth & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2018). Implementation Quality in Language Interventions for Children with Down Syndrome Preliminary findings from a systematic review of pervious research.
• Hokstad, Silje (2017). Conference on Communication in Individuals with Down Syndrome (blog post).
• Hokstad, Silje (2017). Forskning.no skriver om DSL+ (bloggpost).
• Hokstad, Silje (2017). Artikkel om vokabularstimuleringstiltak for barn med Down syndrom publisert i Norsk tidsskrift for logopedi (1/17) (bloggpost).
• Hokstad, Silje (2017). Prioriteres språkstimulering i opplæringstilbudet til 3. klasseelever med Down syndrom? (bloggpost).
• Hokstad, Silje (2017). Communication in Individuals with Down syndrome - slides from the conference 31st of august - 1st of september (blog post).
• Hokstad, Silje; Smith, Liz; Engevik, Liv Inger; Kleppe Kristensen, Jarl & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2017). DSL+ app 2.
• Engevik, Liv Inger; Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2017). Lærerskript til e-bildeboken "På badestranda" illustrert av Kristin Bjerknes Aarre.
• Engevik, Liv Inger; Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2017). Lærerskript til e-bildeboken "Line og Stian vil bygge hytte" illustrert av Malin Solodden Wiik.
• Engevik, Liv Inger; Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2017). Lærerskript til e-bildeboken "Bursdagsfesten" illustrert av Srey Neang Peng.
• Engevik, Liv Inger; Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2017). Lærerskript til e-bildeboken "Emil og Tor løper om kapp" illustrert av Tjitske Sijtsna.
• Engevik, Liv Inger; Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2017). Lærerskript til e-bildeboken "Ole og Eva på besøk" illustrert av Bjørg Marie Jarstad.
• Engevik, Liv Inger; Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2017). Lærerskript til e-bildeboken "Fugleungen" illustrert av Inger Marie Haukøya.
• Engevik, Liv Inger; Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2017). Lærerskript til e-bildeboken "Jeg er lynet" illustrert av Victor Manuel Polit Arguello.
• Engevik, Liv Inger; Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2017). Lærerskript til e-bildeboken "Larven" illustrert av Marielle Laastad.
• Engevik, Liv Inger; Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2017). Lærerskript til e-bildeboken "Line og Stian bygger snøhytte" illustrert av Andrea Ødegård.
• Engevik, Liv Inger; Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2017). Lærerskript til e-bildeboken "Stakkars lille mørke maur" illustrert av Susann Nettland (bearbeidet av DSL+-prosjektgruppen etter avtale med illustratøren).
• Engevik, Liv Inger; Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2017). Lærerskript til e-bildeboken "Ule har det travelt" illustrert av Lise Asie Ustun.
• Hokstad, Silje (2017). Seminar om digitale bildebøker og barns språkutvikling - eksempler fra The Down syndrome LanguagePlus-project (bloggpost).
• Hokstad, Silje (2017). My academic summer (blog post).
• Hokstad, Silje (2017). Thanks to The Ryoichi Sasakawa Young Leaders Fellowship Fund (Sylff) for granting my application! (blog post).
• Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard; Hokstad, Silje & Engevik, Liv Inger (2017). Livet etter DSL+ - Hva nå? (bloggpost).
• Liz, Smith; Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard; Hokstad, Silje; Mjøberg, Anne Grethe; Sckanke, Håkon & Engedal, Håvard (2017). Motivation in children with Down syndrome: A systematic review.
• Hokstad, Silje (2017). En hilsen fra nord (bloggpost).
• Hokstad, Silje (2017). My Academic Summer - Randomisation, Confidence Intervals and Forest Plots (blog post).
• Hokstad, Silje (2017). Implementation Quality in Language Interventions for Children with Down Syndrome.
• Hokstad, Silje (2017). Utviklingen av visuelt materiale til DSL+-prosjektet – et spesialpedagogisk perspektiv.
• Hokstad, Silje; Smith, Liz & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2017). Findings from a systematic review of language interventions for children with Down syndrome.
• Engevik, Liv Inger; Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2017). Lærerseminar/opplæring DSL+ (kull nr. 2).
• Hokstad, Silje & Smith, Liz (2016). Testing the direct effect of a vocabulary intervention. Breakfast seminar hosted by the Oslo Assessment and Learning Lab.
• Smith, Liz; Hokstad, Silje; Engevik, Liv Inger; Næss, Håkon & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2016). DSL+ app 1.
• Hokstad, Silje (2016). Research quality in Implementation of Language Interventions A poster presentation on a structured literature review - UV fakultetets 20-årsjubileum.
• Hokstad, Silje (2016). Snow day (blog post).
• Hokstad, Silje (2016). Writing seminar in Madeira (blog post).
• Hokstad, Silje (2016). The national conference on Down syndrome (blog post).
• Engevik, Liv Inger; Hokstad, Silje & Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard (2016). Lærerseminar/opplæring DSL+.
• Smith, Elizabeth & Hokstad, Silje (2016). Consolidation (blog post).
• Hokstad, Silje (2016). Congratulations to Liv Inger! (blog post).
• Hokstad, Silje (2016). Video and Audio recordings for the DSL+ App (blog post).
• Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard; Smith, Liz; Engevik, Liv Inger & Hokstad, Silje (2016). The DSL+ - an effective vocabulary intervention?
• Engevik, Liv Inger & Hokstad, Silje (2016). DSL+ En App for å øke ordforrådet til barn med Down Syndrom (brosjyre) . Show summary

  Informasjonsbrosjyre utarbeidet i forbindelse med rekruttering av deltakere til DSL+-prosjektet

• Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard; Engevik, Liv Inger & Hokstad, Silje (2016). Ny språkapp for barn med Down sydnrom.
• Hokstad, Silje (2016). Research quality in Implementation of Language Interventions A poster presentation on a structured literature review (international conference) .
• Hokstad, Silje (2015). Guest lecture by Débora Deliberato at the Department of Special Needs Education University of Oslo, 19. January 2015. Blogginnlegg. .
• Hokstad, Silje (2015). Guest lecture by Margaret Tresch Owen at the Department of Special Needs Education, UiO (blog post).
• Hokstad, Silje (2015). Research Assistant in DSL+ (blog post).
• Hokstad, Silje (2015). Studentprosjekt knyttet til DSL+ (bloggpost).
• Hokstad, Silje (2015). AAC – Network for Preschools (blog post) .
• Hokstad, Silje & Smith, Liz (2015). The Down Syndrome Language Plus Project: Investigating optimal routes for the design of iPad tasks, to support vocabulary in children with Down syndrome.
• Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard; Smith, Liz; Hokstad, Silje; Mjøberg, Anne Grethe ; Høibo, Ingrid Holmboe & Søyland, Lovise (2015). Preparations for our writing seminar in Santorini (blog post).
• Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard; Smith, Liz & Hokstad, Silje (2015). World Down syndrome day (blog post).
• Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard; Hokstad, Silje; Engevik, Liv Inger & Smith, Liz (2019). Final Report - The Down Syndrome LanguagePlus Project (DSL+). Universitetet i Oslo.
• Hokstad, Silje; Engevik, Liv Inger; Smith, Liz; Kristensen, Jarl Kleppe; Høibo, Ingrid Holmboe & Mjøberg, Anne Grethe [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2017). Lærerveiledning DSL+ del 2. 7Letras.
• Næss, Kari-Anne Bottegaard; Smith, Liz; Engevik, Liv Inger; Hokstad, Silje; Mjøberg, Anne Grethe & Høibo, Ingrid Holmboe [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2016). Lærerveiledning DSL+, del 1. Universitetet i Oslo.

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