Randi E. Martinsen

• Martinsen, Randi; Ahlin-Søvde, Sigrid; Grov, Ellen Karine; Andersson, Ewa K & Gardulf, Ann (2024). Self-reported competence among advanced practice nursing students in Denmark, Finland and Norway: a cross-sectional multicentre study. BMC Nursing. ISSN 1472-6955. 23(1). doi: 10.1186/s12912-024-01930-z. Vis sammendrag

  Background The health care systems in the Nordic countries and worldwide are under pressure due to increasedlongevity and a shortage of nurses. Providing nurses with a high level of education, such as advanced practicenursing, is of great importance to ensure effective, safe and high-quality care.Aim The aim of this study was to investigate self-reported competence using the Nurse Professional CompetenceScale Short-Form for the first time among master’s students of advanced practice nursing in the Nordic countries andto relate the findings to age, work obligations, child-rearing responsibilities, level of education and clinical nursingexperience.Methods A multicentre, cross-sectional design was used in this study conducted at five universities in Denmark,Finland and Norway. The Nurse Professional Competence Scale Short-Form consisting of six competence areas wasused with a maximum score of 7 per item for the analysis of single items and a transformed scale from 14.3 to 100 foranalysing the competence areas (higher score equals higher self-reported competence). Descriptive and comparativestatistics were used to analyse the data.Results The highest mean score was found for the competence area ‘Value-based nursing care’. Students livingwith home-dwelling children (≤ 18 years) reported significantly higher competence in ‘Nursing care’, while students≥33 years reported significantly higher competence in ‘Nursing care’ and ‘Value-based nursing care’. No significantdifferences were found between students working and those not working alongside their studies, between studentswith and without further nursing-related education, or between students with long and short experience as nurses.Conclusions The findings from this study might help to further develop curricula in advanced practice nursingmaster’s programmes to ensure high-quality nursing and sustainable health care in the future. Future high-qualitymaster’s programmes might benefit from systematic collaboration between Nordic higher education institutionsas also Sweden is planning master’s programme. Higher age, having children at home and working while studyingshould not be considered causes for concern.

• Birkheim, Siv Lena; Calogiuri, Giovanna & Martinsen, Randi (2023). Advancing immersive virtual reality-based simulation practices: developing an evidence-based and theory-driven pedagogical framework for VR-based simulations of non-technical skills among healthcare professionals. Interactive Learning Environments. ISSN 1049-4820. doi: 10.1080/10494820.2023.2186896. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  ABSTRACT Virtual reality (VR) based simulation is emerging as an innovative tool for the training and education of healthcare professionals. However, pedagogical frameworks specific to this type of simulation are yet missing. This paper explores participants’ experiences with VR-based simulation training in non-technical skills (VR-SIMI) and integrates them with established pedagogical theory. Non-technical skills refer to cognitive, social, and personal resource skills such as effective communication, relational competence, and stress management. An observational study was conducted involving 11 health care professionals in children and adolescents’ mental health who attended four VR-SIMI sessions over one year. Data were collected through field notes during participant observation and informal conversations with the participants. Directed content analysis was conducted, informed by the established practice of VR-SIMI (including INACL standards of best practice simulation), Jeffries simulation theory, Kolb’s experiential learning theory, and adult learning theory. The findings indicate that the participants positively evaluated the use of VR-SIMI. However, they also reported that the implementation and learning outcomes should be further refined. Based on these findings, an evidence-based and theory-driven pedagogical framework is proposed to guide andenhance the quality of VR-based simulations of non-technical skills for various of healthcare professionals, as well as inform future research.

• Mangset, Margrete; Kitzmüller, Gabriele; Evju, Anne S.; Angel, Sanne; Aadal, Lena & Martinsen, Randi [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Perceived study-induced influence on the control group in a randomized controlled trial evaluating a complex intervention to promote psychosocial well-being after stroke : a process evaluation. Trials. ISSN 1745-6215. 22. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05765-w. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: A commonly applied control condition in trials evaluating complex interventions in rehabilitation research is “usual care.” The main challenge is to ensure that the control group receives genuine usual care as delivered in everyday clinical practice. The assessment interviews and dialogues with the data collectors may influence the control group participants’ reflections on their condition and adjustments. This represents a threat to the internal validity of the trial. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the perceived study-induced influence of assessment interviews on the adjustment of the members of a control group in a randomized clinical trial. The aim of the trial was to test a dialogue-based psychosocial intervention aiming at promoting the psychosocial well-being and adjustment of stroke survivors. Methods: Fifteen participants in the control group of a multicenter stroke rehabilitation trial participated in narrative semi-structured interviews. Ricoeur’s interpretation theory guided the analysis. Results: The perceived study-induced influence of the assessment interviews on the adjustment process of members of the control group varied considerably. The results demonstrated that the assessment interviews facilitated some participants’ feelings of control and their ability to cope. Other participants’ statements indicate that they relied on their existing personal capacity to cope and adjust and that the assessment interviews did not make any difference either on their coping ability or on their process of adjustment. Five themes were identified that described the perceived study-induced influence of the assessment interviews in the control group. The themes illustrated that the assessments served as a safety net, enhanced awareness and understanding, encouraged seeking support, allowed the opportunity to vent disappointment, or did not make any difference either way. Conclusions: RCT assessment interviews may influence the adjustment process and represent a serious problem in measuring interventions over time in trials of complex interventions in rehabilitation research. To uphold rigor and stringency, the usual care control conditions should be thoroughly assessed and described. Informing participants only about the treatment they were allocated to receive might counteract the potential to dilute the difference between the two arms of the trial.

• Martinsen, Randi; Kitzmüller, Gabriele; Mangset, Margrete; Kvigne, Kari Johanne; Evju, Anne Svelstad & Bronken, Berit Arnesveen [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Nurses’ and occupational therapists’ experiences of conducting a home-based psychosocial intervention following stroke: a qualitative process evaluation. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-06857-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Persons with stroke are susceptible to psychosocial problems, and express disappointment at how health care professionals fail to meet their psychosocial needs following discharge to home. The responsibility of nurses and occupational therapists in stroke rehabilitation is to assist the persons and their families during the recovery and adjustment process. A home-based dialogical intervention aiming to enhance psychosocial support was therefore developed and tested in a randomized controlled trial. This study is a part of the process evaluation conducted alongside the trial. The aim was to explore the nurses’ and occupational therapists’ experiences of conducting the intervention. Methods: Eighteen nurses and four occupational therapists participated in six focus groups to explore their experiences when providing the intervention. The themes discussed in the focus groups were the aspects that facilitated the delivering of the intervention and the challenges they encountered during the study period. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis generated two themes. The theme Developing a supportive relationship to facilitate the adjustment process following stroke had two subthemes: Getting personally involved and Handling challenges. This theme reveals how the nurses and occupational therapists experienced their relationship with the persons with stroke and potential threats which challenged them while conducting the intervention. The theme Developing professional skills in providing psychosocial support had two subthemes: Becoming confident in conducting dialogues and Integrating psychosocial topics. This theme reveals the aspects that the nurses and occupational therapists perceived as facilitating the development of their professional skills in conducting the dialogues. Conclusion: Delivering the psychosocial intervention was perceived as deeply meaningful and increased the nurses’ and occupational therapists’ understanding of how to support stroke survivors to live with the consequences of stroke. However, balancing the professional and the personal relationship was challenging. A basic educational programme, training, supervision and having dedicated time were crucial elements to instil confidence in professionals conducting theme-based dialogues to promote post-stroke psychosocial well-being. Individual clinical experience and knowledge of stroke care were considering important to enable professionals to integrate psychosocial rehabilitation into community health care.

• Bragstad, Line Kildal; Hjelle, Ellen Gabrielsen ; Zucknick, Manuela; Sveen, Unni; Thommessen, Bente & Bronken, Berit Arnesveen [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). The effects of a dialogue-based intervention to promote psychosocial well-being after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation. ISSN 0269-2155. 34(8), s. 1056–1071. doi: 10.1177/0269215520929737. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: To evaluate the effect of a dialogue-based intervention targeting psychosocial well-being at 12 months post-stroke. Design: Multicenter, prospective, randomized, assessor-blinded, controlled trial with two parallel groups. Setting: Community. Subjects: Three-hundred and twenty-two adults (⩾18 years) with stroke within the last four weeks were randomly allocated into intervention group (n = 166) or control group (n = 156). Interventions: The intervention group received a dialogue-based intervention to promote psychosocial well-being, comprising eight individual 1–1½ hour sessions delivered during the first six months post-stroke. Main measures: The primary outcome measure was the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). Secondary outcome measures included the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39g, the Sense of Coherence scale, and the Yale Brown single-item questionnaire. Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 66.8 (12.1) years in the intervention group and 65.7 (13.3) years in the control group. At 12 months post-stroke, the mean (SE) GHQ-28 score was 20.6 (0.84) in the intervention group and 19.9 (0.85) in the control group. There were no between-group differences in psychosocial well-being at 12 months post-stroke (mean difference: −0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): −3.08, 1.60). The secondary outcomes showed no statistically significant between-group difference in health-related quality of life, sense of coherence, or depression at 12 months. Conclusion: The results of this trial did not demonstrate lower levels of emotional distress and anxiety or higher levels of health-related quality of life in the intervention group (dialogue-based intervention) as compared to the control group (usual care) at 12 months post-stroke.

• Hjelle, Ellen Gabrielsen ; Bragstad, Line Kildal; Kirkevold, Marit; Zucknick, Manuela; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen & Martinsen, Randi [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Effect of a dialogue-based intervention on psychosocial well-being 6 months after stroke in Norway: A randomized controlled trial . Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 1650-1977. 51(8), s. 557–565. doi: 10.2340/16501977-2585. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of a dialogue-based intervention on psychosocial well-being 6 months after stroke. Design: Multicentre, prospective, randomized controlled trial. Subjects: Adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who had their first or recurrent stroke within the last month, were medically stable, had sufficient cognitive functioning to participate and understood and spoke Norwegian. Methods: A total of 322 participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 166) or control (n = 156) group. Participants in the intervention group received up to 8 individual sessions aimed at supporting the coping and life skills of stroke survivors in addition to usual care. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with normal mood measured by the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). The secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life (Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale; SAQOL-39g), depression (Yale-Brown single-item questionnaire; Yale) and sense of coherence (SOC-13). Results: After controlling for the baseline values, no significant benefit was found in the intervention group over the control group (odds ratio (OR): 0.898: 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.54-1.50, p = 0.680) 6 months post-stroke. Conclusion: Psychosocial well-being improved during the first 6 months after stroke in both arms of the trial, but no statistically significant benefit of the dialogue-based intervention was found compared with usual care. Lay Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a dialogue-based intervention on psychosocial well-being 6 months after stroke. A total of 322 participants were assigned to an intervention (= 166) or control (= 156) group. Participants in the intervention group received up to 8 individual sessions aimed at supporting the coping and life skills of stroke survivors in addition to usual care. Psychosocial well-being improved during the first 6 months after the stroke in both arms of the trial. However, no benefit of the dialogue-based intervention was found compared with usual care.

• Kitzmüller, Gabriele; Mangset, Margrete; Evju, Anne Svelstad; Angel, Sanne; Aadal, Lena & Martinsen, Randi [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Finding the way forward : the lived experience of people with stroke after participation in a complex psychosocial intervention. Qualitative Health Research. ISSN 1049-7323. 29(12), s. 1711–1724. doi: 10.1177/1049732319833366. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Stroke patients’ well-being is threatened after stroke. A psychosocial intervention was developed for Norwegian stroke patients living in the community. Eight individual sessions between people with stroke and a trained health care professional were conducted 1 to 6 months post-stroke with one group of participants and 6 to 12 months post-stroke with another group. Subsequently, 19 of these stroke patients were interviewed to gain an in-depth understanding of their lived experience of the influence of the intervention on their adjustment process. Interview texts were analyzed using Ricoeur’s interpretation theory. Two participants did not personally find the intervention useful. The remaining participants greatly appreciated dialogues with the empathetic intervention personnel, feeling free to discuss their fears and worries. The intervention raised these participants’ awareness of their needs and resources. They were guided to resume their everyday life and adopt a future-oriented attitude. The intervention facilitated their meaning-making endeavors and post-stroke adjustment.

• Bragstad, Line Kildal; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Sveen, Unni; Hjelle, Ellen Gabrielsen; Kitzmüller, Gabriele & Martinsen, Randi [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Implementation fidelity in a complex intervention promoting psychosocial well-being following stroke: An explanatory sequential mixed methods study. BMC Medical Research Methodology. ISSN 1471-2288. 19(59). doi: 10.1186/s12874-019-0694-z. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Evaluation of complex interventions should include a process evaluation to give evaluators, researchers, and policy makers greater confidence in the outcomes reported from RCTs. Implementation fidelity can be part of a process evaluation and refers to the degree to which an intervention is delivered according to protocol. The aim of this implementation fidelity study was to evaluate to what extent a dialogue-based psychosocial intervention was delivered according to protocol. A modified conceptual framework for implementation fidelity was used to guide the analysis. Methods: This study has an explanatory, sequential two-phase mixed methods design. Quantitative process data were collected longitudinally along with data collection in the RCT. Qualitative process data were collected after the last data collection point of the RCT. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to describe the sample, the intervention trajectories, and the adherence measures. A scoring system to clarify quantitative measurement of the levels of implementation was constructed. The qualitative data sources were analyzed separately with a theory-driven content analysis using categories of adherence and potential moderating factors identified in the conceptual framework of implementation fidelity. The quantitative adherence results were extended with the results from the qualitative analysis to assess which potential moderators may have influenced implementation fidelity and in what way. Results: The results show that the core components of the intervention were delivered although the intervention trajectories were individualized. Based on the composite score of adherence, results show that 80.1% of the interventions in the RCT were implemented with high fidelity. Although it is challenging to assess the importance of each of the moderating factors in relation to the other factors and to their influence on the adherence measures, participant responsiveness, comprehensiveness of policy description, context, and recruitment appeared to be the most prominent moderating factors of implementation fidelity in this study. Conclusions: This evaluation of implementation fidelity and the discussion of what constitutes high fidelity implementation of this intervention are crucial in understanding the factors influencing the trial outcome. The study also highlights important methodological considerations for researchers planning process evaluations and studies of implementation fidelity. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02338869; registered 10/04/2014. Keywords: Process evaluation, Implementation fidelity, Stroke, Psychosocial intervention, Mixed methods

• Kirkevold, Marit; Bragstad, Line Kildal; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Kvigne, Kari Johanne; Martinsen, Randi & Hjelle, Ellen Gabrielsen [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Promoting psychosocial well-being following stroke: study protocol for a randomized, controlled trial. BMC Psychology. ISSN 2050-7283. 6(12). doi: 10.1186/s40359-018-0223-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Stroke is a major public health threat globally. Psychosocial well-being may be affected following stroke. Depressive symptoms, anxiety, general psychological distress and social isolation are prevalent. Approximately one third report depressive symptoms and 20% report anxiety during the first months or years after the stroke. Psychosocial difficulties may impact significantly on long-term functioning and quality of life, reduce the effects of rehabilitation services and lead to higher mortality rates. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of a previously developed and feasibility tested dialogue-based psychosocial intervention aimed at promoting psychosocial well-being and coping following stroke among stroke survivors with and without aphasia. Methods: The study will be conducted as a multicenter, randomized, single blind controlled trial with one intervention and one control arm. It will include a total of 330 stroke survivors randomly allocated into either an intervention group (dialogue-based intervention to promote psychosocial well-being) or a control group (usual care). Participants in the intervention group will receive eight individual sessions of supported dialogues in their homes during the first six months following an acute stroke. The primary outcome measure will be psychosocial well-being measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Secondary outcome measures will be quality of life (SAQoL), sense of coherence (SOC), and depression (Yale). Process evaluation will be conducted in a longitudinal mixed methods study by individual qualitative interviews with 15–20 participants in the intervention and control groups, focus group interviews with the intervention personnel and data collectors, and a comprehensive analysis of implementation fidelity. Discussion: The intervention described in this study protocol is based on thorough development and feasibility work, guided by the UK medical research council framework for developing and testing complex interventions. It combines classical effectiveness evaluation with a thorough process evaluation. The results from this study may inform the development of further trials aimed at promoting psychosocial well-being following stroke as well as inform the psychosocial follow up of stroke patients living at home

• Martinsen, Randi ; Kirkevold, Marit & Sveen, Unni (2015). Young and midlife stroke survivors’ experiences with the health services and long-term follow-up needs. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. ISSN 0888-0395. 47(1), s. 27–35. doi: 10.1097/JNN.0000000000000107. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The aim of this qualitative study was to explore young and midlife stroke survivors’ experiences with the health services and to identify long-term follow-up needs. Sixteen participants from two cohorts were interviewed in-depth. The interviews were analyzed applying a hermeneuticYphenomenological analysis. The participants struggled to gain access to follow-up health services. They felt that whether they were systematically followed up was more coincidental than planned. Young and midlife stroke survivors thus appear vulnerable to falling outside the follow-up system. Those participants who received some follow-up care perceived it as untailored to their specific needs. To be considered supportive, the follow-up programs must be in line with their long-term needs, take into account their particular challenges as young and midlife stroke survivors, and be planned in close collaboration with the individual patient. To secure systematic and follow-up health services tailored to the individual, knowledgeable and committed healthcare professionals should play a prominent role within the community health services.

• Kirkevold, Marit; Martinsen, Randi ; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen & Kvigne, Kari (2014). Promoting psychosocial wellbeing following stroke using narratives and guided self-determination: a feasibility study. BMC Nursing. ISSN 1472-6955. 2(4). doi: 10.1186/2050-7283-2-4. Vis sammendrag

  Extensive studies have documented the complex and comprehensive psychosocial consequences of stroke. Psychosocial difficulties significantly affect long-term functioning and quality of life. Many studies have explored psychosocial interventions to prevent or treat psychosocial problems, but most have found modest effects. This study evaluated, from the perspective of adult stroke survivors, (1) the content, structure and process and (2) experienced usefulness of a dialogue-based psychosocial nursing intervention in primary care aimed at promoting psychosocial health and wellbeing. This was part of a feasibility study guided by the UK MRC complex interventions framework. It consisted of dialogue-based encounters with trained health professionals during approximately the first year poststroke. It was tested in two formats; individual or group encounters. Inclusion criteria were: Acute stroke, above 18 y.o., sufficient physical and cognitive functioning to participate. Data were collected immediately before, during and 14 days after the completion of the intervention. Pre- and post-data included medical and demographic data, quality of life, emotional wellbeing, life satisfaction, anxiety and depression. Qualitative interviews focusing on participant experiences were conducted two weeks following the intervention. Log notes taken by the health professionals conducting the intervention and work sheets filled in by participants also comprised data. Data analysis was case-oriented. The structured instruments were analysed regarding completeness of data and indication of changes in outcome variables. The qualitative interviews, log notes and work sheets were analysed using thematic content analysis. Twenty-five stroke survivors (17 men, 8 women), median age 64 (range 33–89), participated. Physical limitations varied from mild to severe. Seven participants had moderate to severe expressive aphasia. The participants found the content and process of the intervention relevant. Both the individual and group formats were found useful. Patients with aphasia reported that there were too few encounters (eight encounters were originally planned). The participants underscored the benefits of being supported through a difficult time, having a chance to tell and (re)create their story and being supported in their attempts to cope with the situation. This study provides initial support for the usefulness of the psychosocial intervention and highlights areas requiring further consideration and development

• Kvigne, Kari; Kirkevold, Marit; Martinsen, Randi & Bronken, Berit Arnesveen (2014). Masculinity and strokes: The challenges presented to younger men by chronic illness. Journal of Gender Studies. ISSN 0958-9236. 23(2), s. 197–210. doi: 10.1080/09589236.2013.790797. Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Stroke is a major cause of disability in the Western world, changing not only to the victim's body but also his or her lifestyle. Men tend to experience stroke at a younger age than women. Most people understand stroke as a disease of the elderly, however, this study looks at the effects of stroke on the young adult male. Adolescence, and young- and middle-adulthood are the periods in which the intergenerational dialectics and the interactions between society and the individual are most salient, as it is during these periods that people are completing their education, launching careers, forming intimate relationships, establishing a family and developing an identity. Serious chronic illnesses during these periods may threaten a man's taken-for-granted masculinity. Studies also show that men suffering chronic illness negotiate and renegotiate their masculinity in light of the limitations placed on them by their own and others' understanding of the social and personal consequences of their disease. This current single case study with a narrative approach is drawn from a larger phenomenological study of 16 men suffering from stroke and aims to explore how masculinity is challenged in a young stroke survivor's life. One survivor experienced challenges to his masculinity with respect to those characteristics of masculinity described by Connell and Courtenay: being the family breadwinner, strength, toughness, power, control and independence.

• Martinsen, Randi ; Kirkevold, Marit; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen & Kvigne, Kari (2013). Work-aged stroke survivors' psychosocial challenges narrated during and after participating in a dialogue-based psychosocial intervention: a feasibility study. BMC Nursing. ISSN 1472-6955. 12(22). doi: 10.1186/1472-6955-12-22. Vis sammendrag

  Studies point to the lack of psychosocial support and rehabilitation services that are adjusted to the work-aged stroke survivors’ specific needs in order to promote psychosocial well-being. The aim of the study was to illuminate the psychosocial challenges work-aged participants (i.e. aged 18–67 years) thematised during and after participating a dialogue-based psychosocial intervention during the first year following a stroke. The study was a feasibility study guided by the UK Medical Research Council Framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions. Qualitative data from in-depth interviews with fourteen stroke-survivors aged 33–66 years, researcher field notes and log notes written during the intervention were analysed applying a hermeneutic-phenomenological approach. The stroke and its consequences had a substantial impact on family and work life. Their experiences were summarised in the two themes The threat of becoming marginalised in family life and The threat of becoming marginalised in work life. Life as a work-aged stroke survivor was experienced as challenging and created a threat of becoming marginalised in family and work life. The study highlights the need to understand the specific psychosocial challenges and needs facing work-aged stroke survivors’ in order to promote their psychosocial well-being. More research is needed concerning specific life-span challenges amongst work-aged stroke survivors in order to further develop appropriate interventions that helps address this issue.

• Martinsen, Randi ; Kirkevold, Marit & Sveen, Unni (2012). Younger Stroke Survivors’ Experiences of Family Life in a Long-Term Perspective: A Narrative Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study. Nursing Research and Practice. ISSN 2090-1429. doi: 10.1155/2012/948791. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract The psychosocial consequences following a stroke are known to be challenging, influencing the stroke survivors’ ability to participate in and carry out the taken-for-granted roles and activities in family life. This study explored how living with the consequences of stroke impacted on family life in the late recovery phase, that is, six months or more after stroke onset. Twenty-two stroke survivors aged 20–61 years were interviewed in-depth six months to nine years after stroke onset. The interviews were analyzed applying a narrative, hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The findings revealed challenges that varied with time, from an initial struggle to suffice in and balance the relationships and roles within the family early after the stroke, towards a more resigned attitude later on in the stroke trajectory. The struggles are summarized in two main themes: “struggling to reenter the family” and “screaming for acceptance.” Nonestablished people living with stroke and stroke survivors in parental roles seem to be particularly vulnerable. Being provided with opportunities to narrate their experiences to interested and qualified persons outside the home context might be helpful to prevent psychosocial problems.

• Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Kirkevold, Marit; Martinsen, Randi & Kvigne, Kari (2012). The Aphasic Storyteller: Coconstructing Stories to Promote Psychosocial Well-Being After Stroke. Qualitative Health Research. ISSN 1049-7323. 22(10), s. 1303–1316. doi: 10.1177/1049732312450366.
• Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Kirkevold, Marit; Martinsen, Randi ; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun & Kvigne, Kari (2012). Psychosocial Well-Being in Persons with Aphasia Participating in a Nursing Intervention after Stroke. Nursing Research and Practice. ISSN 2090-1429. 2012, s. 1–14. doi: 10.1155/2012/568242.
• Kirkevold, Marit; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Martinsen, Randi & Kvigne, Kari Johanne (2012). Promoting psychosocial well-being following a stroke: Developing a theoretically and empirically sound complex intervention. International Journal of Nursing Studies. ISSN 0020-7489. 49(4), s. 386–397. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.10.006.
• Martinsen, Randi & Moen, Anne (2010). Unmet information and communication needs in the intermediate recovery from coronary artery bypass surgery. Vård i Norden. ISSN 0107-4083. 30(4), s. 15–20.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Gardulf, Ann; Berg, Marit; Nakrem, Sigrid & Martinsen, Randi Elisabeth (2023). Norwegian Nursing Students' Self-Reported Competence Related to Fortcoming Work as Nursing During the COVID-19 Pandemic - a Cross Sectional Study.
• Martinsen, Randi Elisabeth; Søvde, Sigrid Ahlin; Grov, Ellen Karine & Gardulf, Ann (2023). Self-reported Competence among Advanced Practice Nursing students in Norway, Finland and Denmark - A Cross-sectional study.
• Martinsen, Randi (2023). Psychological Health for Patients Living With Stroke.
• Martinsen, Randi (2022). "Home Care for Patients Post Stroke": Experiences from Norway.
• Martinsen, Randi (2022). Community Health Promotion: How nurses and authorities collaborate to promote patients’ well-being - Lessons learned from Norway .
• Martinsen, Randi; Ahlin-Søvde, Sigrid; Andersson, Ewa K; Grov, Ellen Karine & Gardulf, Ann (2022). Self-Reported Competence among Nurse Practitioners’ students in Norway, Finland and Denmark – a Pilot Study.
• Martinsen, Randi (2021). Presentasjon av Master i avansert klinisk allmennsykepleie ved Høgskolen i Innlandet.
• Martinsen, Randi & Søvde, Sigrid Ahlin (2021). Nødvendig med avansert sykepleiekompetanse i kommunehelsetjenesten. Østlendingen.
• Martinsen, Randi & Søvde, Sigrid Ahlin (2021). Hva har helse- og omsorgstjenesten lært ett år etter pandemien? Oppland arbeiderblad. ISSN 0805-5076.
• Martinsen, Randi & Søvde, Sigrid Ahlin (2021). Nødvendig med avansert sykepleiekompetanse i kommunehelsetjenesten. Hamar arbeiderblad.
• Martinsen, Randi & Søvde, Sigrid Ahlin (2021). Nødvendig med avansert sykepleiekompetanse i kommunehelsetjenesten. Gudbrandsdølen Dagningen.
• Martinsen, Randi & Søvde, Sigrid Ahlin (2021). Presentasjon av Masterutdanning i avansert klinisk sykepleie.
• Martinsen, Randi (2020). Å leve med en usynlig skade i hjernen. Hamar arbeiderblad.
• Martinsen, Randi (2020). Å leve med en usynlig skade i hjernen. Gudbrandsdølen Dagningen.
• Martinsen, Randi (2020). Å leve med en usynlig skade i hjernen. Oppland arbeiderblad. ISSN 0805-5076.
• Søvde, Sigrid Ahlin; Martinsen, Randi & Guldvik, Ingrid (2020). Er vi rustet til å ivareta stadig sykere pasienter i kommunehelsetjenesten? Glåmdalen.
• Søvde, Sigrid Ahlin; Martinsen, Randi & Guldvik, Ingrid (2020). Er vi rustet til å ivareta stadig sykere pasienter i kommunehelsetjenesten? Hamar arbeiderblad.
• Søvde, Sigrid Ahlin; Martinsen, Randi & Guldvik, Ingrid (2020). Er vi rustet til å ivareta stadig sykere pasienter i kommunehelsetjenesten? Oppland arbeiderblad. ISSN 0805-5076.
• Søvde, Sigrid Ahlin; Martinsen, Randi & Guldvik, Ingrid (2020). Er vi rustet til å ivareta stadig sykere pasienter i kommunehelsetjenesten? Gudbrandsdølen Dagningen.
• Martinsen, Randi; Kitzmüller, Gabriele; Mangset, Margrete; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Evju, Anne Svelstad & Kvigne, Kari Johanne [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Helsepersonells erfaringer med å gjennomføre psykososial støtte til personer med hjerneslag.
• Hjelle, Ellen Gabrielsen ; Bragstad, Line Kildal; Kirkevold, Marit; Zucknick, Manuela; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen & Martinsen, Randi [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). The effect of a psychosocial intervention on well-being 6 months after stroke – a multicentre prospective randomized controlled trial .
• Hjelle, Ellen Gabrielsen Hjelle; Bragstad, Line Kildal; Kirkevold, Marit; Zucknick, Manuela; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen & Martinsen, Randi [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). The complexities of an intervention to promote psychosocial well-being after stroke: Implications for trial outcome .
• Mangset, Margrete; Kitzmüller, Gabriele; Evju, Anne Svelstad; Angel, Sanne; Aadal, Lena & Martinsen, Randi [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). The influence of the assessment interviews on the control group participants in a complex psychosocial intervention study after stroke.
• Bragstad, Line Kildal; Hjelle, Ellen Gabrielsen; Sveen, Unni; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Martinsen, Randi & Kvigne, Kari Johanne [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Interpreting neutral results in an intervention aimed at promoting psychosocial well-being following stroke: A process evaluation .
• Bragstad, Line Kildal; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Sveen, Unni; Hjelle, Ellen Gabrielsen; Kitzmüller, Gabriele & Martinsen, Randi [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Implementation fidelity in an RCT evaluating psychosocial well-being following stroke: an explanatory sequential mixed methods study .
• Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Bragstad, Line Kildal; Sveen, Unni; Hjelle, Ellen Gabrielsen; Kitzmüller, Gabriele & Martinsen, Randi [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Implementation fidelity in a complex intervention promoting psychosocial well-being following stroke: an explanatory sequential mixed methods study. Part Two.
• Bragstad, Line Kildal; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Sveen, Unni; Hjelle, Ellen Gabrielsen; Kitzmüller, Gabriele & Martinsen, Randi [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Implementation fidelity in a complex intervention promoting psychosocial well-being following stroke: an explanatory sequential mixed methods study. Part One. .
• Martinsen, Randi; Kirkevold, Marit; Mangset, Margrete; Kitzmüller, Gabriele; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen & Bragstad, Line Kildal [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Nurses’ and occupational therapists’ experiences of their roles in supporting stroke survivors during rehabilitation.
• Martinsen, Randi (2018). Menn i omsorgsyrker. Hamar arbeiderblad. s. 12–12.
• Hjelle, Ellen Gabrielsen; Bragstad, Line Kildal; Kirkevold, Marit; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Martinsen, Randi & Kvigne, Kari Johanne [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Psykososial helse etter hjerneslag - en kontrollert, randomisert multisenter studie.
• Hjelle, Ellen Gabrielsen; Bragstad, Line Kildal; Kirkevold, Marit; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Martinsen, Randi & Kvigne, Kari Johanne [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Promoting Psychosocial well-being following stroke .
• Bragstad, Line Kildal; Hjelle, Ellen Gabrielsen; Sveen, Unni; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Martinsen, Randi & Kvigne, Kari [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Guidet egenbeslutning for å fremme psykososial helse etter hjerneslag. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 60(6), s. 31–33.
• Bragstad, Line Kildal; Hjelle, Ellen Gabrielsen; Sveen, Unni; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Martinsen, Randi & Kvigne, Kari Johanne [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Guidet egenbeslutning for å fremme psykososial helse etter hjerneslag. En samtalebasert intervensjon.
• Kitzmüller, Gabriele; Mangset, Margrete; Evju, Anne Svelstad; Angel, Sanne; Aadal, Lena & Kvigne, Kari Johanne [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Promoting psychosocial well-being following stroke: Stroke patients' experiences of participating in a complex psychosocial intervention.
• Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Bragstad, Line Kildal; Martinsen, Randi; Kitzmüller, Gabriele; Mangset, Margrete & Hjelle, Ellen Gabrielsen [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Promoting psychosocial well-being following stroke: Facilitating implementation of a complex intervention in primary Healthcare.
• Bragstad, Line Kildal; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Hjelle, Ellen Gabrielsen; Sveen, Unni; Martinsen, Randi & Kitzmüller, Gabriele [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Promoting psychosocial wellbeing following stroke: Evaluating implementation fidelity in a multi-center RCT – a quantitative study of intervention adherence.
• Martinsen, Randi; Kitzmüller, Gabriele; Mangset, Margrete; Evju, Anne Svelstad; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen & Bragstad, Line Kildal [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Promoting psychosocial wellbeing following stroke: Nurses' and occupational therapists' experiences of delivering an individualized dialogue-based intervention to support stroke survivors the first six months following stroke.
• Martinsen, Randi & Bronken, Berit Arnesveen (2017). Psykososialt velvære etter hjerneslag. En randomisert, singelblindet, kontrollert multisenter studie.
• Hjelle, Ellen Gabrielsen; Bragstad, Line Kildal; Kirkevold, Marit; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Martinsen, Randi & Kvigne, Kari [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2016). Promoting psychosocial well-being following stroke: A randomized, single blind, controlled trial.
• Gaarder, Jorun & Martinsen, Randi (2016). Unge med slag sliter i hverdagslivet. [Avis]. Dagbladet.
• Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Kirkevold, Marit; Martinsen, Randi; Wyller, Torgeir Bruun & Kvigne, Kari (2015). Aphasia following Stroke: Promoting psychosocial well-being: A feasibility study.
• Steinsvik, Stian & Martinsen, Randi (2015). Følges opp for dårlig. [Avis]. Hamar Arbeiderblad.
• Bragstad, Line Kildal; Hjelle, Ellen Gabrielsen; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Martinsen, Randi; Kvigne, Kari & Kouwenhoven, Siren Eriksen [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Psychosocial wellbeing following stroke: A randomized, single blind, controlled trial.
• Martinsen, Randi & Davidsen, Andrine (2015). Unge slagrammede må lete etter hjelp. [Internett]. Journalen.hioa.no.
• Martinsen, Randi & Kristiansen, Heidi (2015). Tilfeldig oppfølging av småbarnsfamilier ved hjerneslag. [Internett]. Voksne for barn.
• Martinsen, Randi (2015). Unge slagpasienter misfornøyd med oppfølging. [Internett]. Unikard.
• Martinsen, Randi & Fjeld, Bjørnhild (2015). Problemene som unge slagrammede sliter med, synes ikke alltid utenpå. [Internett]. Handikapnytt.no.
• Bakken, Hege Breen & Martinsen, Randi (2015). Lever på nåde i egen familie etter slag. [Internett]. Forskning.no.
• Martinsen, Randi; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Kvigne, Kari; Sveen, Unni & Kirkevold, Marit (2015). Work-aged stroke survivors’ short term and long term psychosocial challenges and follow-up needs.
• Martinsen, Randi (2015). Psykososiale utfordringer og oppfølgingsbehov hos personer som har gjennomgått hjerneslag og som er i arbeidsfør alder. Presentasjon av en kvalitativ, eksplorativ studie.
• Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Kirkevold, Marit; Sveen, Unni; Martinsen, Randi; Kvigne, Kari & Kouwenhoven, Siren Eriksen [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Promoting psychosocial well-being following stroke. A randomized, single blind, controlled trial.
• Martinsen, Randi (2014). Psykososial rehabilitering av personer som har gjennomgått hjerneslag og som er i arbeidsfør alder.
• Martinsen, Randi (2014). Yngre slagpasienter sliter. [Fagblad]. Sykepleien.
• Martinsen, Randi (2014). Validering av kvantitative og kvalitative forskningsmetoder relatert til oppfølging av psykososiale behov hos personer som har gjennomgått slag og som er i arbeidsfør alder.
• Martinsen, Randi (2014). Ta resultatene fra elevundersøkelsen alvorlig. Hamar arbeiderblad.
• Martinsen, Randi (2013). Guidet egenbestemmelse. En helsefremmende kommunikasjonsmodell.
• Martinsen, Randi ; Kirkevold, Marit & Sveen, Unni (2013). Unge hjerneslagrammedes erfaringer med familielivet.
• Martinsen, Randi (2012). Å leve med hjerneslag. Hamar arbeiderblad.
• Kvigne, Kari; Kirkevold, Marit; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen & Martinsen, Randi (2012). Psykososial rehabilitering etter hjerneslag - en pilotstudie.
• Kvigne, Kari; Kirkevold, Marit; Martinsen, Randi & Bronken, Berit Arnesveen (2012). Slag og slagrehabilitering - hva bør eldre vite om hjerneslag.
• Martinsen, Randi Elisabeth (2011). Å sykle i oppoverbakke - om å være ung voksen og bli rammet av hjerneslag.
• Martinsen, Randi Elisabeth; Kvigne, Kari Johanne; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen & Kirkevold, Marit (2011). Narrating Life Span Challenges After Stroke. Vis sammendrag

  It is well known that stoke survivors often experience psychosocial consequences, such as depression, anxiety and social isolation. However, there are few supportive interventions available, targeting these challenges. Developing interventions that give stroke-survivors the opportunity to increase their psychological wellbeing through narrating experiences during the rehabilitation process post-stoke is needed. Consequently, we developed a supportive intervention, based on a person-centered communication and reflection model. Purpose: Explore necessary conditions to support younger stroke survivors in narrating their experiences after stroke. Research method: The study is part of a larger qualitative, intervention study based on a phenomenological-hermeneutic, narrative approach. A total of 25 stroke survivors participated, including 8 younger persons. The intervention program consisted of eight dialogic encounters lasting for one to two hours over a six-month period organized as either an individual or a group intervention. Results: The majority of the participants experienced the intervention as beneficial. However, from a lifespan perspective, issues and experiences change over the life course. Neglecting lifespan challenges may give the younger stroke-survivors less opportunity to narrate their experiences post-stroke, because the majority of the patients are older and in a different life situation. The experiences of the younger cohort of eight participants participating in the intervention will be presented. Conclusion: Life span challenges are important to consider in order to succeed in providing stroke survivors with the opportunity to narrate their new life situation and increase their psychological wellbeing.

• Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Kirkevold, Marit; Kvigne, Kari & Martinsen, Randi (2009). Psykososial rehabilitering av afasirammede etter hjerneslag.
• Bronken, Berit & Martinsen, Randi (2009). Psykisk helse etter hjerneslag. Utvikling av modell for psykososial rehabilitering.
• Kirkevold, Marit; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Kvigne, Kari & Martinsen, Randi (2009). Psykososial rehabilitering etter hjerneslag. Afasiposten. ISSN 0803-2467. 20(3).
• Martinsen, Randi; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Kvigne, Kari & Kirkevold, Marit (2009). Psykososial rehabilitering av yngre hjerneslagrammede. Vis sammendrag

  Bakgrunn: Hjerneslag rammer mange personer hvert år og det er kjent at rehabiliteringsprosessen er langvarig og at de psykososiale konsekvensene er store for mange i denne gruppen. Selv om de fleste hjerneslagrammede er eldre, rammer det også kvinner og menn i yngre aldersgrupper. Det er få kvalitative studier relatert til psykososial helse hos yngre hjerneslagpasienter, samtidig som eksisterende studier i liten grad skiller den yngre aldersgruppen fra den eldre. Fordi psykososial helse har betydning for slagpasienters prognose, er det behov for å utvikle metoder av ikke-farmakologisk karakter rettet mot psykisk velvære for å imøtekomme gruppens behov i et langtidsperspektiv. Hensikt: Å få kunnskap om yngre kvinner og menns erfaringer av å rammes av hjerneslag, samt å identifisere gruppens behov for oppfølging. Materiale og metode: Studien har et kvalitativt design og er et ledd i et doktorgradsstudium som en del av et modellutviklingsprosjekt der fokus er slagpasienters psykososiale rehabilitering. Prosjektet har utviklet og prøvd ut en intervensjon for å styrke de psykososiale konsekvensene etter hjerneslag. Intervensjonens idé har vært å styrke subjektivt psykisk velvære hos deltakerne gjennom en målrettet kommunikasjon - og samhandlingsprosess spesifikt tilpasset slagrammede, og har bestått av en oppfølging med 8 samtaler fordelt over en periode på ca. 6 måneder. Datamaterialet består av feltnotater, standardiserte spørreskjema før og etter intervensjonen, samt dybdeintervju med deltakerne i etterkant av intervensjonen. Resultater: Totalt 25 hjerneslagpasienter har deltatt i intervensjonen individuelt eller i gruppe. Deler av funn fra den yngre gruppen slagrammede under 67 år presenteres på konferansen. Konklusjon: Foreløpige funn viser at de psykososiale konsekvensene etter hjerneslag er utfordrende for yngre hjerneslagrammede. Deltakelse i intervensjonen har vært positivt og det er behov for videreutvikling av et oppfølgingstilbud rettet mot psykososial rehabilitering.

• Martinsen, Randi (2007). Gruppeveiledning av kliniske studentveiledere i praksis.
• Martinsen, Randi (2006). Information -a challenge.
• Martinsen, Randi (2006). Hjerteopererte kvinners rekonvalesenserfaringer : abstract av hovedfagsoppgave i sykepleievitenskap. Hjerteposten. 8(1).
• Athlin, Elsy; Hov, Reidun; Martinsen, Randi & Bentsen, Gro (2005). Gruppeveiledning av kliniske sykepleiere som studentveiledere i sykepleiepraksis. Vis sammendrag

  Gruppeveiledning av kliniske sykepleiere som studentveiledere i sykepleiepraksis Hva: Prosjektet er et samarbeidsprosjekt mellom Universitetet i Karlstad, Høgkolene i Dalarne, Gjøvik og Hedmark. Prosjektleder er Elsy Athlin, docent ved Karlstads Universitet og professor II ved Høgskolen i Hedmark, Avdeling for helse- og sosialfag (HH/HSE). Prosjektmedarbeidere fra HH/HSE er høgskolelektor/stipendiat Reidun Hov (prosjektansvarlig norsk side), høgskolelærer Gry Handberg (planlegging og gjennomføring), høgskolelektor Gro Bentsen og høgskolelektor Randi Martinsen (gjennomføring og etterarbeid) Hensikt: Prosjektets hensikt er å fremme kliniske sykepleieres utvikling i veilederrollen gjennom kontinuerlig gruppeveiledning, slik at de blir bedre til å veilede studenten i deres fremtidige sykepleierrolle. En annen hensikt er å styrke integreringen av teori og praksis i sykepleierutdanningen. Det tilsiktes også gjennom samarbeid å kunne dra nytte av og kvalitetssikre allerede eksisterende kunnskap som fins om veiledning ved de tre høgskolene og universitetet, samt videreutvikle den kliniske delen av utdanningen. Metode: Til sammen 54 sykepleiere i sykepleiepraksis, som har vært studentveiledere, har deltatt i systematisk gruppeveiledning gitt av sju lærerveiledere. Lærerveilederne har hatt veiledning på egen veiledning gjennom prosjektet for å kvalitetssikre og holde konstant en felles veiledningsmetode. Data er samlet inn gjennom spørreskjemaer ved oppstart og avslutning, samt gjennom feltnotater som er fylt ut av deltagerne etter hver veiledning. Data analyseres ved innholdsanalyse. Framdrift: Prosjektet ble planlagt i vårsemesteret 2004. Veiledningen er gjennomført høsten 2004/våren 2005. Data analyseres høsten 2005 med påfølgende utskriving av rapport og vitenskapelige artikler. Prosjektet er finansiert ved midler fra UNISKA. I tillegg har sentralt FoU utvalg ved Høgskolen i Hedmark bevilget midler til sine ansatte til analyse, rapport og vitenskapelige artikler.

• Martinsen, Randi (2005). Hjerteopererte kvinners erfaringer og beskrivelser. Presentasjon av hovedfagsoppgave.
• Martinsen, Randi (2005). Kvinners rekonvalesens - erfaringer etter hjerteoperasjon. Presentasjon av hovedfagsoppgave. Vis sammendrag

  Hensikt: å fremskaffe kunnskap om kvinners behov for informasjon tre måneder etter gjennomgått hjerteoperasjon (coronar bypass-operasjon).. Forskningsspørsmål: • Hva erfarer hjerteopererte kvinner i møtet med hverdagens utfordringer de første tre måneder etter operasjonen? • Hva beskriver disse hjerteopererte kvinnene som viktig for å kunne møte utfordringene etter operasjonen? Teori: Studien har et helsefremmende perspektiv og plasseres innen Kims klientdomene (2000). Antonovskys teori sense of coherence (1985, 1991) er brukt som rammeverk for å belyse hjerteopererte kvinners utfordringer for å bevege seg fra sykdom mot helse etter gjennomgått hjerteoperasjon. I tillegg er varierende læreforutsetninger og pasienters evne til oppmerksomhet tatt med for å utforske erfaringene i rekonvalesens (Cimprich, 1992). Metode: Studien har et kvalitativt, eksplorerende design. Seks hjerteopererte kvinner i alderen 45-64 år er intervjuet tre måneder etter operasjon. Data er analysert ved hjelp av innholdsanalyse. Funn: Å gjennomgå hjerteoperasjon oppleves dramatisk. Informantene i denne studien gir uttrykk for behov for hjelp til å uttrykke og bearbeide den gjennomlevde situasjonen og opplevelsen. Ubearbeidede eller ukommuniserte tanker og opplevelser synes å influere deres evne til å opprettholde oppmerksomheten mot å gjennomføre livsstilsendringer og anbefalte sekundærprofylaktiske tiltak. De som ennå er yrkesaktive, har et ønske og et håp om å kunne komme tilbake til betalt arbeid utenfor hjemmet.. I samsvar med andre studier, viser også funn i denne studien, at det kan være vanskelig å motta hjelp fra andre til å utføre praktiske oppgaver i hjemmet. Informantene angir røykestopp og økning i aktivitet som gjennomførbare, selv om de uttrykker forskjellig motivasjon for dette. Anbefalte kostholdsendringer beskrives som vanskelig, og de seks informantene i denne studien hadde ikke gjennomført kostholdsendringer tre måneder etter operasjonen. Konklusjon: Med bakgrunn i disse seks kvinnenes erfaringer og beskrivelser er det grunn til å peke på at hjerteopererte kvinner har behov for spesifikk informasjon rettet mot kjønn, alder og sosiokulturell kontekst. Dette innebærer for eksempel en mer tilrettelagt oppfølging som gir hjerteopererte kvinner mulighet til å få hjelp til å uttrykke tanker og dele opplevelser. En tilpasset informasjon vil også kunne ha positiv effekt for å kunne iverksette eller følge opp anbefalte livsstilsendringer som kostholdsendring, røykeslutt og økt aktivitet. Et mer tilpasset opplegg som også inkluderer sosialt nettverk vil dermed kunne være positivt for å kunne se mening, forstå og håndtere hverdagens utfordringer for dermed å kunne bevege seg fra sykdom mot helse. Aim of the study: To provide knowledge about women’s needs for information three months after a coronary bypass surgery. Research questions: • What is the experience women who have gone through coronary artery bypass surgery have with daily challenges the three first months after surgery? • What does women undergone coronary artery bypass surgery describe as important factors in order to handle the post surgery challenges? Theory: The study has a health improving perspective related to the domain of the client (Kim, 2000). Antonovsky’s theory: sense of coherence (1985, 1991) has been used as a framework to illustrate female cardiac patient’s challenges during recovery from coronary artery surgery. In addition, the person’s general attention and fluctuating learning capabilities during periods of illness are included to explore recovery experiences (Cimprich, 1992).. Method: The study has a qualitative, explorative design. Six women in recovery from coronary artery bypass surgery, ranging from 45-64 years old, were interviewed three months pos

• Martinsen, Randi (2002). Når noen dør. Tidsskriftet sykepleien. ISSN 0806-7511. 90(16), s. 41–44. Vis sammendrag

  Ivaretakelse av pårørende etter dødsfall oppleves ofte som en vanskelig oppgave, spesielt for uerfarne sykepleiere og sykepleierstudenter. Likevel er denne oppgaven en del av sykepleierens særegne funksjon og en viktig del av en helhetlig sykepleie. Artikkelen belyser hvor kompleks denne oppgaven kan være, og hva sykepleiere mener er viktig når de møter pårørende ved dødsfall i sykehus. Videre trekkes det fram faktorer som må være til stede hos sykepleieren og i arbeidsmiljøet for at det skal være trygt å ta ansvar for denne oppgaven og kunne utføre den på en profesjonell måte.

• Martinsen, Randi; Nilsson, Jan; Grøndahl, Vigdis Abrahamsen & Suwarni, Abubakar (2023). CABNEI International Conference Guide and Abstract book. Quality Improvement of Nursing Education. Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences. ISSN 978-82-8380-419-5.
• Martinsen, Randi (2020). Periodisk evaluering av Bachelorutdanning i sykepleie, deltid, høst 2019. . Høgskolen i Innlandet.
• Martinsen, Randi (2019). Periodisk evaluering av Bachelorutdanning i sykepleie Heltid Høgskolen i Innlandet, Elverum . Høgskolen i Innlandet.
• Martinsen, Randi (2014). Work-aged stroke survivors' psychosocial challenges and follow-up needs. A qualitative, exploratory study. Universitetet i Oslo. ISSN 978-82-8264-872-1.
• Kirkevold, Marit; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Kvigne, Kari & Martinsen, Randi (2009). Psykisk helse etter hjerneslag: Et modellutviklingsprosjekt for å fremme psykososial rehabilitering. Sluttrapport. Helse og Rehabilitering, nr. 2007/3/0456 og NKS, nr. H3/05.
• Kirkevold, Marit; Bronken, Berit Arnesveen; Martinsen, Randi & Kvigne, Kari (2009). Psykisk helse etter hjerneslag : et modellutviklingsprosjekt for å fremme psykososial rehabilitering : sluttrapport. Forfatterne. Vis sammendrag

  På tross av at de psykososiale konsekvensene av et hjerneslag er veldokumenterte, er det utviklet få rehabiliteringsprogram som setter hovedfokus på den psykososiale rehabiliteringen etter et hjerneslag. Hensikten med prosjektet var å utvikle og pilotteste et rehabiliteringsprogram som hadde som formål å styrke deltagernes mestring av de psykososiale konsekvensene og derigjennom fremme den enkeltes psykiske velvære og livskvalitet. Afasirammedes spesielle utfordringer knyttet til å motta tilpasset psykososial oppfølging utgjorde et eget fokus. Prosjektet ble gjennomført i tre faser i perioden august 2006 til januar 2009. I fase I ble det utviklet en intervensjonsmodell på bakgrunn av tidligere forskning og i samarbeid med faglige eksperter og pasient- og pårørenderepresentanter. I fase II ble intervensjonen prøvd ut med 25 slagrammede med nylig gjennomgått hjerneslag. Tretten slagrammede uten språkproblemer og syv slagrammede med afasi deltok i individuelle forløp. Fem slagrammede uten språkproblemer mottok et gruppebasert tilbud. Grunntanken og metodikken var den samme i alle tre administrasjonsmåtene. Intervensjonen besto av 8 møter fordelt over en seksmåneders periode. I fase III ble intervensjonen grundig evaluert gjennom dybdeintervju med de slagrammede som deltok i programmet (og evt. pårørende), fokusgruppeintervju og loggnotater fra intervensjonspersonalet, intervju med samarbeidende helsepersonell og strukturerte intervju med standardiserte måleinstrumenter. Funnene i prosjektet viste at det er et stort behov for et slikt tilbud. Deltagerne opplevde at rehabiliteringstilbudet bidro med støtte, mulighet for å sette ord på egen situasjon, veiledning, trygghet, bekreftelse, ny kunnskap, handlingsberedskap, opprettholdelse av håp og motivering/utfordring til å arbeide videre med tilpasning i en prosess som opplevdes krevende for de fleste. Intervensjonspersonalet opplevde rollen som ny og spennende og opplevde også at de slagrammede hadde glede og nytte av tiltaket. Prosjektet har generert et meget rikt og nyttig erfaringsgrunnlag og datamateriale for å kunne videreutvikle et godt psykososialt rehabiliteringsprogram. I det videre arbeidet vil dette materialet bli grundigere analysert med henblikk på å revidere den skisserte modellen. Vi vil klarlegge de særlige utfordringene knyttet til å gjennomføre intervensjonen i gruppen slagrammede med afasi, for å kunne tilpasse den kliniske protokollen enda bedre til denne gruppens behov og søke å integrere de positive opplevelsene og nytteverdien som fremkom i både det individuelle opplegget og i gruppeformatet.

• Athlin, Elsy; Danielsson, Agneta; Sundin-Andersson, Christina; Bentsen, Gro; Hov, Reidun & Martinsen, Randi [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2008). Grupphandledning för handledare i klinisk utbildning : ett sammverkansprojekt inom UNISKA mellan Högskolan Dalarna, Högskolan i Gjövik, Högskolan i Hedmark och Karlstads universitet. Karlstads universitet. ISSN 9789170632174.
• Martinsen, Randi (2004). Å legge hjertet i andres hender : en intervjuundersøkelse om hjerteopererte kvinners behov for informasjon -beskrivelser og erfaringer. Universitetet i Oslo. Vis sammendrag

  Hensikt: å fremskaffe kunnskap om kvinners behov for informasjon tre måneder etter gjennomgått hjerteoperasjon (coronar bypass-operasjon).. Forskningsspørsmål: • Hva erfarer hjerteopererte kvinner i møtet med hverdagens utfordringer de første tre måneder etter operasjonen? • Hva beskriver disse hjerteopererte kvinnene som viktig for å kunne møte utfordringene etter operasjonen? Teori: Studien har et helsefremmende perspektiv og plasseres innen Kims klientdomene (2000). Antonovskys teori sense ofcoherence (1985, 1991) er brukt som rammeverk for å belyse hjerteopererte kvinners utfordringer for å bevege seg fra sykdom mot helse etter gjennomgått hjerteoperasjon. I tillegg er varierende læreforutsetninger og pasienters evne til oppmerksomhet tatt med for å utforske erfaringene i rekonvalesens (Cimprich, 1992). Metode: Studien har et kvalitativt, eksplorerende design. Seks hjerteopererte kvinner i alderen 45-64 år er intervjuet tre måneder etter operasjon. Data er analysert ved hjelp av innholdsanalyse. Funn: Å gjennomgå hjerteoperasjon oppleves dramatisk. Informantene i denne studien gir uttrykk for behov for hjelp til å uttrykke og bearbeide den gjennomlevde situasjonen og opplevelsen. Ubearbeidede eller ukommuniserte tanker og opplevelser synes å influere deres evne til å opprettholde oppmerksomheten mot å gjennomføre livsstilsendringer og anbefalte sekundærprofylaktiske tiltak. De som ennå er yrkesaktive, har et ønske og et håp om å kunne komme tilbake til betalt arbeid utenfor hjemmet.. I samsvar med andre studier, viser også funn i denne studien, at det kan være vanskelig å motta hjelp fra andre til å utføre praktiske oppgaver i hjemmet. Informantene angir røykestopp og økning i aktivitet som gjennomførbare, selv om de uttrykkerforskjellig motivasjon for dette. Anbefalte kostholdsendringer beskrives som vanskelig, og de seks informantene i denne studien hadde ikke gjennomført kostholdsendringer tre måneder etter operasjonen. Konklusjon: Med bakgrunn i disse seks kvinnenes erfaringer og beskrivelser er det grunn til å peke på at hjerteopererte kvinner har behov for spesifikk informasjon rettet mot kjønn, alder og sosiokulturell kontekst. Dette innebærer for eksempel en mer tilrettelagt oppfølging som gir hjerteopererte kvinner mulighet til å få hjelp til å uttrykke tanker og dele opplevelser. En tilpasset informasjon vil også kunne ha positiv effekt for å kunne iverksette eller følge opp anbefalte livsstilsendringer som kostholdsendring, røykeslutt og økt aktivitet. Et mer tilpasset opplegg som også inkluderer sosialt nettverk vil dermed kunne være positivt for å kunne se mening, forstå og håndtere hverdagens utfordringer for dermed å kunne bevege seg fra sykdom mot helse. Aim of the study: To provide knowledge about women’s needs for information three months after a coronary bypass surgery. Research questions: • What is the experience women who have gone through coronary artery bypass surgery have with daily challenges the three first months after surgery? • What does women undergone coronary artery bypass surgery describe as important factors in order to handle the post surgery challenges? Theory: The study has a health improving perspective related to the domain of the client (Kim, 2000). Antonovsky’s theory: sense of coherence (1985, 1991) has been used as a framework to illustrate female cardiac patient’s challenges during recovery from coronary artery surgery. In addition, the person’s general attention and fluctuating learning capabilities during periods of illness are included to explore recovery experiences (Cimprich, 1992).. Method: The study has a qualitative, explorative design. Six women in recovery from coronary artery bypass surgery, ranging from 45-64 years old, were interviewed three months post

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