Tore Bonsaksen

• Mørk, Gry; Gramstad, Astrid; Stigen, Linda; Johnson, Susanne Grødem & Bonsaksen, Tore (2024). Profiles of Occupational Therapy Students: A Cluster Analysis. Education Sciences. ISSN 2227-7102. 14(6). doi: 10.3390/educsci14060654. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Helgøy, Kjersti Velde; Bonsaksen, Tore & Mørk, Gry (2024). Occupational therapy students’ experiences and perceptions of journal club participation. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 1103-8128. 31(1), s. 1–13. doi: 10.1080/11038128.2024.2328712. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mørk, Gry; Johnson, Susanne Grødem; Gramstad, Astrid; Stigen, Linda; Carstensen, Tove & Bonsaksen, Tore (2024). Associations Between Learning Environment and Study Satisfaction Across Time: Two Cross-Sectional Analyses of Occupational Therapy Students. The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 2168-6408. 12(2), s. 1–9. doi: 10.15453/2168-6408.2214. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Price, Daicia; Bonsaksen, Tore; Leung, Janni; Ruffolo, Mary; Lamph, Gary & Hawkins, Karis [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). The Psychosocial Health of Black/African Americans Compared with People of Other Races/Ethnic Origins during the COVID-19 Pandemic. COVID. ISSN 2673-8112. 4(4), s. 506–517. doi: 10.3390/covid4040034. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Stea, Tonje Holte; Bonsaksen, Tore; Smith, Pierre; Kleppang, Annette Løvheim; Steigen, Anne Mari & Leonhardt, Marja [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Are social pressure, bullying and low social support associated with depressive symptoms, self-harm and self-directed violence among adolescents? A cross-sectional study using a structural equation modeling approach. BMC Psychiatry. ISSN 1471-244X. 24(1). doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-05696-1.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Thygesen, Hilde; Leung, Janni; Lamph, Gary; Kabelenga, Isaac & Geirdal, Amy Østertun (2024). Patterns of Social Media Use across Age Groups during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study across Four Countries. Social Sciences. ISSN 2076-0760. 13(4). doi: 10.3390/socsci13040194. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Grimholt, Tine Kristin; Bonsaksen, Tore; Heir, Trond; Schou-Bredal, Inger; Skogstad, Laila & Ekeberg, Øivind (2024). Prevalence of suicide attempt and associations with deliberate self-harm, mental health problems, drug misuse and traumatic experiences - a cross sectional survey of the Norwegian population. BMC Psychiatry. ISSN 1471-244X. 24(1). doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-05610-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tannoubi, Amayra; Mørk, Gry; Stigen, Linda; Gramstad, Astrid; Magne, Trine A & Carstensen, Tove [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Occupational Therapy students’ Concepts of Learning: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations With Deep, Strategic, and Surface Study Approaches. Occupational Therapy in Health Care. ISSN 0738-0577. doi: 10.1080/07380577.2024.2325073. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Torland, Emilie Aas; Karlstad, Cecilie; Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Bonsaksen, Tore; Haslerud, Sturla Inge & Aas, Randi Wågø (2024). School characteristics and pupils' thoughts of leaving upper secondary school: The INSchool project. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 15, s. 1–8. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1270139. Vis sammendrag

  INTRODUCTION: Understanding pupils' thoughts about leaving school may contribute to better identify those at risk of dropping out. Thus, we explored the associations between perceived psychological demands, decision control, and social support from teacher and fellow pupils, and pupils' thoughts about leaving upper secondary school. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from a convenience non-probability sample of 249 pupils from 12 Norwegian upper secondary schools were collected using a school-modified version of the work-focused Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Adjusted logistic regression was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Pupils who experienced higher psychological demands and lower social support from fellow pupils were more likely to experience thoughts of leaving school compared to those who experienced lower demands and high levels of social support. Decision control was not significantly associated with thoughts about leaving school. CONCLUSION: High psychological demands may increase the likelihood of considering leaving school. Peer support can lessen such thoughts. Implication: Identifying whether pupils are thinking about leaving school can help identify those who are at risk of dropping out of upper secondary school.

• Guelmami, Noomen; Fekih-Romdhane, Feten; Ghouili, Hatem; Jelleli, Hilmi; Rebhi, Mahmood & Saidane, Mouna [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of an Arabic version of the Cognitive-Affective Mindfulness Scale (CAMS-R). Cogent Social Sciences. ISSN 2331-1886. 10(1). doi: 10.1080/23311886.2024.2306919. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mørk, Gry; DaLomba, Elaina; Breen-Franklin, Adele & Bonsaksen, Tore (2024). Differences in Approaches to Learning Between Occupational Therapy Students in the USA and Norway. Occupational Therapy in Health Care. ISSN 0738-0577. doi: 10.1080/07380577.2024.2310209. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Steigen, Anne Mari; Granrud, Marie Dahlen; Dangmann, Cecilie Ruud & Stea, Tonje Holte (2024). Sexual harassment exposure among junior high school students in Norway: prevalence and associated factors. Frontiers in Public Health. ISSN 2296-2565. 12. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1307605. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lien, Lars; Bonsaksen, Tore; Stea, Tonje Holte; Kleppang, Annette Løvheim; Steigen, Anne Mari & Leonhardt, Marja (2023). Time trends in self-reported depressive symptoms, prescription of antidepressants, sedatives and hypnotics and the emergence of social media among Norwegian adolescents. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 18(12). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295384. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Research has shown increased mental health problems and use of prescription drugs among adolescents in recent years and social media use has been linked to poorer mental health. However, trend studies concerning these topics are scarce. The purpose of this study was to analyze gender-specific trends in a) symptoms of depression and loneliness, and b) prescription of antidepressants, hypnotics and sedatives, in relation to the emergence of social media among adolescents in Norway. Methods This is an ecological study using data from the ‘Young in Oslo’ surveys from 1996 to 2021. The surveys included approximately 110 000 students, 14–17 years of age, and yielded a response rate varying from 95% in 1996 to 64% in 2021. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect information on symptoms of depression and loneliness. Information on antidepressant and sleep medication prescription was retrieved from the Norwegian Prescription Database for the age group 15 to 19 years. A graphical approach and logistic regression models were used to examine gender-specific time-trends between 1996 to 2021. Results We found a doubling in self-reported symptoms of depression and loneliness among girls between 1996 and 2021, with the steepest increase in the period from 2006 to 2012, when Facebook and other social media were introduced. A similar trend was observed in the prescription of antidepressants among girls, with the steepest increase between 2011 and 2013. Among both boys and girls, ‘worried too much about things’ and ‘had sleep problems’ were the two symptoms with the greatest changes. Conclusion A significant upward trend in self-reported depressive symptoms and medication use was observed over the past 25 years, with variations in the rate of increase, including a steeper trajectory during certain periods immediately after the introduction of social media platforms in Norway.

• Tannoubi, Amayra; Quansah, Frank; Magouri, Iteb; Chalghaf, Nasr; Bonsaksen, Tore & Srem-Sai, Medina [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Modelling the associations between academic engagement, study process and grit on academic achievement of physical education and sport university students. BMC Psychology. ISSN 2050-7283. 11(1). doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01454-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Geirdal, Amy Østertun; Leung, Janni; Price, Daicia; Kabelenga, Isaac; Lamph, Gary & Thygesen, Hilde [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Associations Between Demographic Variables, Psychosocial Health, Quality of Life, and Happiness in the Context of COVID-19. Applied Research in Quality of Life. ISSN 1871-2584. s. 1–15. doi: 10.1007/s11482-023-10255-z. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose The purpose was to examine the association between demographic vari- ables, psychosocial health, quality of life, and happiness in the context of COVID. The hypothesis was that psychosocial health variables have mediating roles between demographic variables and experienced quality of life (QoL) and happiness. Methods Cross-sectional surveys were conducted across four countries: Norway, USA, UK, and Australia among 1649 individuals. Multiple regression analysis iden- tified those variables that made independent statistically contributions onto the QoL and happiness outcome variables, and the analysis of psychological distress, fatigue and loneliness as mediational variables was performed. Results Not having a spouse/ partner was associated with poorer QoL, and older age was associated with lower happiness. The psychosocial health variables made the highest variance in QoL (R2 change = 0.51) and happiness (R2 change = 0.46) and poorer psychosocial health had a mediating role between civil status and QoL (p < 0.001) and between age and happiness outcomes (p < 0.001). Conclusion Psychosocial health is of considerable importance in individuals in the time of COVID-19

• Leung, Janni; Price, Daicia; Bonsaksen, Tore; Ruffolo, Mary; Thygesen, Hilde & McClure-Thomas, Caitlin [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Schooling-at-Home and Extra Child-Caring Responsibilities were Associated with Parental Mental Health, Psychosocial Well-Being, and Loneliness. Social Education Research (SER). ISSN 2717-5723. 5(1), s. 1–14. doi: 10.37256/ser.5120243332. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Schooling-at-home and educating children at home have received increased attention since the COVID-19 pandemic which resulted in abrupt social changes, including stay-at-home protocols and school closures to prevent the spread of infection during the period. We examined the mental health, psychosocial well-being, and loneliness of parents according to whether they had been taking on extra schooling-at-home and child-care responsibilities. We conducted a multi-country cross-sectional online survey nine months into the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway, the UK, the USA, and Australia with a sample size of 1,722. Outcome measures included the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12) mental health scale, the Psychosocial well-being (PSW) scale, and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (LS). The key explanatory factor was parental and child-care status, which categorised participants based on how many extra child-care or schooling-at-home responsibilities were taken up. Moderator variables included working-from-home status, living arrangements, and demographic covariates. Our sample had 20.0% of parents who reported taking on some or half of the extra child-care responsibilities, and 11.7% reported that they were taking on most of the extra child-care responsibilities. Parents who were taking on most of the extra child-care or schooling-at-home responsibilities had poorer mental health (M = 17.34, SE = 0.40 vs M = 15.47, SE = 0.37, p = 0.002), psychosocial well-being (M = 2.92, SE = 0.05 vs M = 2.72, SE = 0.05, p = 0.011), and loneliness (M = 11.29, SE = 0.31 vs M = 10.33, SE = 0.28, p = 0.019), compared to parents who did not have extra responsibilities. Younger parents and those not living with a spouse reported poorer outcomes. Parents who reported that they were taking on most of the child-caring responsibilities reported the poorest mental health, psychosocial well-being, and highest levels of loneliness. Psychosocial and community support for parents who take on schooling-at-home and education responsibilities is important for the well-being of the parents as well as for their children.

• Lerdal, Anners; Gay, Caryl; Bonsaksen, Tore; Ekeberg, Øivind; Grimholt, Tine Kristin & Heir, Trond [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Validation of a short version of the Lee fatigue scale in adults living in Norway: a cross-sectional population survey. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 23(1). doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17036-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Due to the nature of fatigue, a brief reliable measure of fatigue severity is needed. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate a short version of the Lee Fatigue Scale (LFS) in the Norwegian general population. Methods This cross-sectional survey consists of a representative sample from the Norwegian population drawn by The National Population Register in Norway. The study is part of a larger study (NORPOP) aimed at collecting normative data from several questionnaires focused on health in adults living in Norway. Registered citizens between 18 and 94 years of age were randomly selected stratified by age, sex and geographic region. Of the 4971 respondents eligible for the study, 1792 (36%) responded to the survey. In addition to age and sex, we collected responses on a 5-item version of the LFS measuring current fatige severity. The psychometric properties focusing on internal structure and precision of the LFS items were analyzed by a Rasch rating scale model. Results Complete LFS scores for analyses were available for 1767 adults. Women had higher LFS-scores than men, and adults < 55 years old had higher scores than older respondents. Our analysis of the LFS showed that the average category on each item advanced monotonically. Two of the five items demonstrated misfit, while the three other items demonstrated goodness-of-fit to the model and uni-dimensionality. Items #1 and #4 (tired and fatigue respectively) showed differential item functioning (DIF) by sex, but no items showed DIFs in relation to age. The separation index of the LFS 3-item scale showed that the sample could be separated into three different groups according to the respondents’ fatigue levels. The LFS-3 raw scores correlated strongly with the Rasch measure from the three items. The core dimensions in these individual items were very similarly expressed in the Norwegian language version and this may be a threat to the cultural-related or language validity of a short version of the LFS using these particular items. Conclusions The study provides validation of a short LFS 3-item version for estimating fatigue in the general population.

• Redzovic, Skender Elez; Vereijken, Beatrix & Bonsaksen, Tore (2023). Aging at home: factors associated with independence in activities of daily living among older adults in Norway—a HUNT study. Frontiers in Public Health. ISSN 2296-2565. 11. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1215417. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Maintaining independence in activities of daily living (ADL) is essential for the well-being of older adults. This study examined the relationship between demographic and living situation factors and ADL independence among community-dwelling older adults in Norway. Methods: Data was collected in Norway between 2017 and 2019 as part of the fourth wave of the ongoing Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) survey, sent to all citizens in Trøndelag county over 20  years of age, which is considered representative of the Norwegian population. Included in the current crosssectional study were 22,504 community-living individuals aged 70  years or older who completed the survey and responded to all items constituting the ADL outcome measure. Group differences in ADL independence were examined with Chi Square tests, while crude and adjusted associations with ADL independence were examined with logistic regression analyses. Statistical significance was set at p  <  0.05. Results: The participants reported a high degree of independence in primary ADL and slightly lower in instrumental ADL. In the fully adjusted analyses, ADL independence was associated with lower age, female gender, higher levels of education and income, higher subjective well-being, having no chronic or disabling disease, and having someone to talk to in confidence. Surprisingly, women who were married had higher likelihood of ADL independence than unmarried women, whereas married men had lower likelihood of ADL independence than unmarried men. Conclusion: In addition to known demographic and disease-related factors, the social context affects independence in ADL even in a society that offers advanced health and homecare services to all older adults equally. Furthermore, the same social setting can have differential effects on men and women. Despite the healthcare system in Norway being well-developed, it does not completely address this issue. Further improvements are necessary to address potential challenges that older adults encounter regarding their social connections and feelings of inclusion. Individuals with limited education and income are especially susceptible to ADL dependency as they age, necessitating healthcare services to specifically cater to this disadvantaged demographic.

• Stea, Tonje Holte; Steigen, Anne Mari; Dangmann, Cecilie Ruud; Granrud, Marie Dahlen & Bonsaksen, Tore (2023). Associations between exposure to sexual abuse, substance use, adverse health outcomes, and use of youth health services among Norwegian adolescents. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 23(1). doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16261-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background A strong association between sexual abuse and adverse health outcomes has been reported among adolescents. The present study aimed to provide more information about adverse health outcomes associated with sexual abuse and substance use, and to examine the use of youth health services among Norwegian adolescents. Methods National representative cross-sectional study among 16–19-year-old Norwegian adolescents (n = 9784). Multivariable regression analyses, adjusted for socioeconomic status and age, were used to examine the association between exposure to sexual abuse, substance use and health risk factors, and the use of youth health services. Results Adolescents exposed to sexual abuse had higher odds of depressive symptoms (males: OR:3.8; 95% CI:2.5–5.8, females: 2.9;2.4–3.5), daily headache (males: 5.3;2.8–10.1, females:1.9; 1.5–2.4), high medication use (males: 3.2;1.7-6.0, females: 2.0;1.6–2.6), self-harm (males: 3.8;2.4-6.0, females:3.2; 2.6–3.9), suicidal thoughts (males: 3.3; 2.2-5.0, females:3.0; 2.5–3.6) and suicide attempts (males: 9.5;5.6–16.0, females:3.6;2.7–4.9). Furthermore, exposure to sexual abuse was associated with higher odds of using school health services (males: 3.9;2.6–5.9, females: 1.6;1.3–1.9) and health services for youth (males: 4.8;3.1–7.6, females: 2.1;1.7–2.5). In general, substance use was associated with increased odds of adverse health related outcomes and use of youth health services, but the strength of the relationships varied according to sex. Finally, results indicated a significant interaction between sexual abuse and smoking that was associated with increased odds of having suicidal thoughts for males (2.6;1.1–6.5) but a decreased odds of having suicidal thoughts and have conducted suicide attempts once or more for females (0.6;0.4-1.0 and 0.5;0.3–0.9, respectively). Conclusions The present study confirmed a strong relationship between exposure to sexual abuse and health risks, especially among males. Moreover, males exposed to sexual abuse were much more likely to use youth health services compared to sexually abused females. Substance use was also associated with adverse health outcomes and use of youth health services, and interactions between sexual abuse and smoking seemed to influence risk of suicidal thoughts and attempts differently according to sex. Results from this study increase knowledge about possible health related effects of sexual abuse which should be used to identify victims and provide targeted treatment by youth health services.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Brunes, Audun & Heir, Trond (2023). Quality of Life In People With Visual Impairment Compared With the General Population . Journal of Public Health (Berlin). ISSN 2198-1833. s. 1–9. doi: 10.1007/s10389-023-01995-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Aim The aim of the present study was to examine quality of life and its associated factors among adults with visual impairment in Norway. Subject and methods Of the 1216 adults contacted, 736 (61% response rate) participated in a cross-sectional survey. A general population probability sample served as reference (n=1792, 36% response rate). Differences between the populations were examined with independent t-tests for continuous variables and with Chi-square tests for categorical variables. Quality of life covariates were investigated with linear regression analysis. Results People with visual impairment had lower quality of life than the general Norwegian population, across all age groups (mean QOL: 6.8 versus 7.6, p<0.001) and within all age groups (all p<0.01). Compared with the general population, people with visual impairment were less likely to report the highest levels and more likely to report intermediate levels of quality of life. Higher quality of life was associated with lower onset-age of impaired vision (B=-0.11, p<0.001), having employment (B=0.36, p=0.02), lower levels of loneliness (B=-0.28, p<0.001) and higher levels of social support (B=0.40, p<0.001) and general self-efficacy (B=0.07, p<0.001). Conclusion Quality of life was lower among people with visual impairment and may be increased by promoting work participation, social inclusion, connectedness, and coping.

• Price, Daicia; Bonsaksen, Tore; Leung, Janni; McClure-Thomas, Caitlin; Ruffolo, Mary & Lamph, Gary [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Factors Associated with Trust in Public Authorities Among Adults in Norway, UK, US, and Australia Two Years after the COVID-19 Outbreak. International Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1661-8556. 68(68), s. 1–7. doi: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605846. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives: This study aimed to examine the levels of trust in information provided by public authorities 2 years after the COVID-19 outbreak and to examine factors associated with trust. Methods: Using a cross-national approach, online survey data was collected from four Western countries—Australia, Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. Differences in reports of very low or low levels of trust were examined by age, gender, area of residence, and the highest level of education in the four countries. Results: Levels of trust in the public authorities’ information were highest among Norwegian respondents and lowest among U.K. respondents. Lower levels of trust in public authorities were found among males, individuals living in rural or remote areas, and those with lower levels of education. Conclusion: The outcomes contribute to knowledge regarding differences between socio-demographic groups and countries regarding the levels of trust people have in public authorities’ information concerning a crisis, such as COVID-19. Strategies to promote trust in societies in different countries could consider these socio-demographic differences.

• Leung, Janni; Price, Daicia; McClure-Thomas, Caitlin; Bonsaksen, Tore; Ruffolo, Mary & Kabelenga, Isaac [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Motivation and Hesitancies in Obtaining the COVID-19 Vaccine—A Cross-Sectional Study in Norway, USA, UK, and Australia. Vaccines. ISSN 2076-393X. 11(6). doi: 10.3390/vaccines11061086. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Vaccinations protect the public against serious diseases or death; however, some individuals are hesitant in obtaining them. We aim to contribute to the understanding of the challenges of vaccination roll-out by examining the motivations, hesitancies, and their associated factors, in obtaining the COVID-19 vaccines two years into the pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional online surveys were conducted in Norway, the USA, the UK, and Australia (N = 1649). The participants self-reported whether they had obtained one of the COVID-19 vaccines. Those who had obtained a vaccine reported the reason for their motivation, and those who had not obtained a vaccine reported the reason for their hesitancies. Results: More than 80% of the total sample obtained a COVID-19 vaccine because of public health recommendations and trusted that it was safe. Among those who had not obtained one, the most frequent reason was concerns about side effects. Most who obtained the vaccine reported that they believed in science, but many of those who had not obtained one reported distrust. Among those who had not obtained a vaccine, reports of distrust in policies and science were frequent. Concerns about side effects were more common in males and those with lower education, and those living in rural or remote areas. Conclusion: People who endorsed the vaccine believed that the vaccine reduces the risk of illness, protects the health of others, and had trust in scientific vaccination research. Conversely, the most frequent reason for vaccine hesitancy was concerns about side effects, followed by distrust in healthcare and science. These findings could inform public health strategies that aim to increase vaccination rates.

• Tannoubi, Amayra; Quansah, Frank; Hagan, John Elvis; Srem-Sai, Medina; Bonsaksen, Tore & Chalghaf, Nasr [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Adaptation and Validation of the Arabic Version of the University Student Engagement Inventory (A-USEI) among Sport and Physical Education Students. Psych. ISSN 2624-8611. 5(2). doi: 10.3390/psych5020022. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The present study validated the University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) in the Arabic language (A) by assessing its factor structure, construct validity, reliability, and concurrent validity. A total of 864 Tunisian Physical Education and Sport students provided data which was used to perform exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, using samples comprising 366 (aged 19–25 years) and 498 (aged 19–26 years) students, respectively. The A-USEI, grade-point average (GPA), and Physical Education Grit (PE–Grit) scales were completed via online surveys. The exploratory factor analysis revealed that the A-USEI had three dimensions. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the second-order model was more suitable than the first-order multi-factor model. Using the indicators for the second-order model, the three factors showed good reliability, with their average variance extracted (AVE) values reflecting sufficient validity. The correlation analyses between the two scales’ scores and the A-USEI scores showed a moderate correlation, confirming the adapted scale’s concurrent validity. The study concludes that A-USEI is a valid tool for assessing student engagement among Arabic students. In addition, the practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Horghagen, Sissel; Arntzen, Cathrine; Gramstad, Astrid & Stigen, Linda (2023). Job Satisfaction among Occupational Therapists Employed in Primary Care Services in Norway. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 20(6). doi: 10.3390/ijerph20065062. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The aging population will place healthcare services under considerable strain in the years ahead. Occupational therapists play a vital role in securing sustainable healthcare services and are increasingly employed by municipalities. To promote sustainable services, the job satisfaction among core professional groups needs monitoring. A comprehensive cross-sectional survey was distributed among municipality-employed occupational therapists in Norway during May–June 2022, to which 617 responded. Job satisfaction was assessed with the Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS), and factors associated with job satisfaction were assessed with linear regression analysis. The mean JSS score in the sample was 51.4. The regression model explained 14.4% of the variance in job satisfaction scores. Having more work experience as an occupational therapist (β = 0.16, p = 0.02) and having higher perceived influence on the work unit’s goals (β = 0.31, p < 0.001) were significantly related to higher job satisfaction. The study implies that job satisfaction in the occupational therapy profession increases with years of experience and also with the ability to engage with and influence the larger work environment. Thus, to promote job satisfaction, occupational therapists should seek to engage not only with their own work at hand but also with the larger goals and strategies of the organization they work for.

• Schoultz, Mariyana; Lamph, Gary; Thygesen, Hilde; Leung, Janni; Bonsaksen, Tore & Ruffolo, Mary [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Perceptions of social media challenges and benefits during the Covid-19 pandemic: Qualitative findings from a cross sectional international survey. PLOS Global Public Health. ISSN 2767-3375. 3(1). doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001463. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic in January 2020 the need for rapid information spread grew and social media became the ultimate platform for information exchange as well as a tool for connection and entertainment. With the rapid information spread along came the various public misconceptions and misinformation which consequently influenced perceptions and behaviors of the public towards the coronavirus pandemic. Thus, there was a need for identification and collation of public perceptions information to address future public health initiatives. This cross-national study aimed to examine the challenges and benefits of using social media during the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. This study was a content analysis of the open-ended questions from a wider cross-sectional online survey conducted in Norway, UK, USA, and Australia during October/November 2020. 2368 participants out of 3474 respondents to the survey provided the open text responses included in the qualitative analysis. Thematic analysis was conducted independently by two researchers. All statements were coded to positive and negative sentiments. Three overarching themes were identified: 1. Mental health and emotional exhaustion 2. Information and misinformation; 3. Learning and inspiration.While providing a powerful mode of connection during the pandemic, social media also led to negative impact on public perceptions, including mistrust and confusion. Clarity in communications by institutions and education about credible information sources should be considered in the future. Further research is required in exploring and documenting social media narratives around COVID-19 in this and any subsequent incidents of pandemic restrictions. Understanding the public perceptions and their social narratives can support the designing of appropriate support and services for people in the future, while acknowledging the uncertainty and overwhelming impact of the pandemic that may have skewed the experiences of social media.

• Mygland, Jenny Solveig; Mørk, Gry; Stigen, Linda; Gramstad, Astrid; Magne, Trine A & Bonsaksen, Tore (2023). Stable or unstable associations between learning environment factors, study approaches and exam grades: cross-sectional analyses across two consecutive program years. Journal of Occupational Therapy Education. ISSN 2573-1378. 7(1), s. 1–15. doi: 10.26681/jote.2023.070112. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Studies into the relationships between learning environment perceptions, approaches to studying, and academic outcomes have largely followed cross-sectional designs. As a result, knowledge is sparse with regards to whether, or to what degree, the established associations are consistent across years of study. This study aimed to (i) examine associations between occupational therapy students’ academic performance, their approaches to studying and perceptions of the learning environment, while in their second and third years of study, and (ii) evaluate the consistency of the results across years of study. Occupational therapy students in Norway were assessed annually with regards to their perceptions of the learning environment, study approaches, and academic performance. Associations between variables, measured within each study year, were analyzed with linear regression analyses, and then compared year-overyear. In the second study year (n=162), better academic performance was associated with lower student autonomy, and higher scores on strategic approach. In the third study year (n=189), better academic performance was associated with being female and lower scores on surface approach. Having occupational therapy as the preferred line of education at enrollment was associated with better grades in both study years. Associations between grades and gender, perceptions of student autonomy, and study approaches were somewhat different between the two years. Implications for educational practice is discussed and various contents and emphasis in educational programs are proposed.

• Lie, Silje Stangeland; Helle, Nikolina; Sletteland, Nina Vahl; Vikman, Miriam Dubland & Bonsaksen, Tore (2023). Implementation of Virtual Reality in Health Professions Education: Scoping Review. JMIR Medical Education. ISSN 2369-3762. 9, s. 1–15. doi: 10.2196/41589. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Methods Results Discussion References Abbreviations Copyright Abstract Background: Virtual reality has been gaining ground in health professions education and may offer students a platform to experience and master situations without endangering patients or themselves. When implemented effectively, virtual reality technologies may enable highly engaging learning activities and interactive simulations. However, implementation processes present challenges, and the key to successful implementation is identifying barriers and facilitators as well as finding strategies to address them. Objective: This scoping review aimed to identify the literature on virtual reality implementation in health professions education, identify barriers to and facilitators of implementation, and highlight gaps in the literature in this area. Methods: The scoping review was conducted based on the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Synthesis methodologies. Electronic searches were conducted in the Academic Search Elite, Education Source, and CINAHL databases on January 5, 2022, in Google Scholar on February 2 and November 18, 2022, and in PubMed database on November 18, 2022. We conducted hand searches of key items, reference tracking, and citation tracking and searches on government webpages on February 2, 2022. At least 2 reviewers screened the identified literature. Eligible studies were considered based on predefined inclusion criteria. The results of the identified items were analyzed and synthesized using qualitative content analysis. Results: We included 7 papers and identified 7 categories related to facilitators of and barriers to implementation—collaborative participation, availability, expenses, guidelines, technology, careful design and evaluation, and training—and developed a model that links the categories to the 4 constructs from Carl May’s general theory of implementation. All the included reports provided recommendations for implementation, including recommendations for careful design and evaluation, training of faculty and students, and faculty presence during use. Conclusions: Virtual reality implementation in health professions education appears to be a new and underexplored research field. This scoping review has several limitations, including definitions and search words, language, and that we did not assess the included papers’ quality. Important implications from our findings are that ensuring faculty’s and students’ competence in using virtual reality technology is necessary for the implementation processes. Collaborative participation by including end users in the development process is another factor that may ensure successful implementation in higher education contexts. To ensure stakeholders’ motivation and potential to use virtual reality, faculty and students could be invited to participate in the development process to ensure that the educational content is valued. Moreover, technological challenges and usability issues should be resolved before implementation to ensure that pedagogical content is the focus. This accentuates the importance of piloting, sufficient time resources, basic testing, and sharing of experiences before implementation.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Steigen, Anne Mari; Stea, Tonje Holte; Kleppang, Annette Løvheim; Lien, Lars & Leonhardt, Marja (2023). Negative social media-related experiences and lower general self-efficacy are associated with depressive symptoms in adolescents . Frontiers in Public Health. ISSN 2296-2565. 10, s. 1–13. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1037375. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Social media are an integral part of adolescents' daily lives, and reviews have suggested an overall small association between more social media use and mental health problems. However, researchers have commonly investigated social media use in a time use perspective, rendering nuances in adolescents' social media experience less well explored. Thus, studies of relationships between social media use and mental health problems need also examine the nature of the events taking place on social media. This study aimed to examine depressive symptoms in adolescents in relationship to time spent on social media, negative social media-related experiences, and general self-efficacy. Data collected in a national survey, Ungdata 2021 (n = 139,841), was used. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that time spent on social media was associated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.09, p < 0.001). However, negative social media-related experiences were more strongly associated with depressive symptoms (β ranging 0.09–0.22, all p < 0.001), and their inclusion weakened the initial association between time on social media and depressive symptoms. General self-efficacy was directly associated with lower symptom levels (β = −0.29, p < 0.001) but did not change the associations between social media use and depressive symptoms. The findings imply that not only time spent on social media, but in particular negative social media-related experiences, are related to depressive symptoms in Norwegian adolescents. General self-efficacy is an important resource for adolescents' mental health.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Ruffolo, Mary; Price, Daicia; Leung, Janni; Thygesen, Hilde & Lamph, Gary [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Associations between social media use and loneliness in a cross-national population: Do motives for social media use matter? Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine. ISSN 2164-2850. 11(1). doi: 10.1080/21642850.2022.2158089. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: We aimed to examine the association between social media use and loneliness two years after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Methods: Participants were 1649 adults who completed a cross-sectional online survey disseminated openly in Norway, United Kingdom, USA, and Australia between November 2021 and January 2022. Linear regressions examined time spent on social media and participants’ characteristics on loneliness, and interactions by motives for social media use. Results: Participants who worried more about their health and were younger, not employed, and without a spouse or partner reported higher levels of loneliness compared to their counterparts. More time spent on social media was associated with more loneliness (β = 0.12, p < 0.001). Three profile groups emerged for social media use motives: 1) social media use motive ratings on avoiding difficult feelings higher or the same as for maintaining contact; 2) slightly higher ratings for maintaining contact; and 3) substantially higher ratings for maintaining contact. Time spent on social media was significant only in motive profile groups 2 and 3 (β = 0.12 and β = 0.14, both p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that people who use social media for the motive of maintaining their relationships feel lonelier than those who spend the same amount of time on social media for other reasons. While social media may facilitate social contact to a degree, they may not facilitate the type of contact sought by those who use social media primarily for this reason.

• Mørk, Gry; Stigen, Linda; Gramstad, Astrid; Magne, Trine A; Carstensen, Tove & Bonsaksen, Tore (2022). Stable and unstable associations between learning environment factors and study approaches: two consecutive cross-sectional analyses of Norwegian occupational therapy students. Learning Environments Research. ISSN 1387-1579. doi: 10.1007/s10984-022-09445-7. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Relationships between learning environment variables and students' approaches to studying have been investigated from many points of view over the last decades. However, few studies have explored whether such relationships are stable over time. In the two consecutive cross-sectional analyses performed in this study, Norwegian occupational therapy students' perceptions of their learning environment and their approaches to studying were assessed in the second (162 students) and third (193 students) year of their study program. Aside from sociodemographic information, the students completed the Course Experience Questionnaire and the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students, with the aim of exploring whether associations between learning environment variables and study approaches were stable across time. The data were analyzed with hierarchical linear regression analyses. Relatively stable associations with students' study approaches were found for the learning environment variables of 'generic skills' and 'appropriate workload'. The learning environment variables of 'clear goals and standards' and 'student autonomy' were directly associated with study approaches in both study years, but the nature of the associations shifted during the study period. Thus, knowledge of stability and change in these relationships could assist faculty in promoting a well-functioning learning environment throughout the study program. Keywords: Approaches to learning; Entwistle model; Generic skills; Higher education; Learning environment; Occupational therapy.

• Baklouti, Souad; Fekih-Romdhane, Feten; Guelmami, Noomen; Bonsaksen, Tore; Baklouti, Hana & Aloui, Asma [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). The effect of web-based Hatha yoga on psychological distress and sleep quality in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. ISSN 1744-3881. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101715. Vis sammendrag

  Background: To date, there has been very limited experimental research on the impact of Yoga on older adults' mental health during the COVID-19 crisis. We aimed to explore the effect of a web-based Hatha yoga program on psychological and quality of sleep in older adults who self-isolated at home during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: Two hundred volunteers of both sexes were split into experimental (Yoga group, YG) and control (Control group, CG) groups, in a web-based randomized controlled study. All participants were administered the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI); at baseline and following an eight-week online Hatha yoga intervention. Results: The YG showed significant reductions in depression (-56.1%; Z = 5.67, p < 0.01, r = 0.70) anxiety (-64.3%; Z = 5.27, p < 0.01, r = 0.65) and stress (-68.2%; Z = 5.86, r = 0.73) scores, while the CG showed a significant increase in depression. In addition, the total PSQI score of the YG was considerably lower during follow-up (3.38 ± 2.02, p < 0.05) than at baseline (4.8 ± 32, p < 0.05), which indicates an improvement of the quality of sleep. The proportion of individuals experiencing good sleep from the YG increased from 63% to 85% after the Hatha yoga intervention. Conclusion: The use of a web-based Hatha Yoga intervention program was associated with a beneficial effect on the mental health and quality of sleep in older adults. Keywords: COVID-19; Distress; Older adults; Quality of sleep; Yoga.

• Mørk, Gry; Gramstad, Astrid; Åsli, Lene Angel; Stigen, Linda; Johnson, Susanne Grødem & Magne, Trine A [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Approaches to studying: changes during a three-year undergraduate study program. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. ISSN 0031-3831. doi: 10.1080/00313831.2022.2148274. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Gramstad, Astrid; Stigen, Linda; Maass, Ruca Elisa Katrin; Sveen, Unni; Horghagen, Sissel & Arntzen, Cathrine [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Er det regionale skilnader når det gjeld kommuneergoterapeutane i Noreg? Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 65(5), s. 36–45. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The aim of this study was to identify similarities and differences between the four health regions in Norway, with regards to the characteristics of occupational therapy staff working in the municipal health services. A cross-sectional study was performed where occupational therapists working in the municipalities were invited to fill out an online survey about the context of their work, work relationships within and outside the profession, competence level, participation in research, development projects and demographic characteristics. A total of 561 occupational therapists participated in the study. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and differences between groups were analyzed with Chi-Square tests and one-way analysis of variance. The results showed unexpectedly that overall, the differences between health regions were small and not statistically significant regarding age, gender composition and competence level of the occupational therapists. However, we found differences between the health regions regarding the professional background of the occupational therapists’ line manager; the number of occupational therapists in the same work unit; the proportion having served as fieldwork supervisor during the preceding year; and perceived influence on the service goals of the unit. More research is needed to explore how such differences may influence occupational therapists’ practice and perceptions of their practice. Keywords: Geografisk ulikheit, kommunale tenester, spørjeundersøking

• Leonhardt, Marja; Granrud, Marie Dahlen; Bonsaksen, Tore & Lien, Lars (2022). Associations between Mental Health, Lifestyle Factors and Worries about Climate Change in Norwegian Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 19(19). doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912826. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Climate change is a serious global health threat that has an impact on young people’s lives and may influence their mental health. Since the global climate strike movement, many adolescents have expressed worries about climate change. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of worries about climate change, and factors associated with worries about climate change, in a representative sample of Norwegian adolescents. Data were retrieved from Ungdata, an annual nationwide online youth survey. Adolescents (n = 128,484) from lower and upper secondary school participated in the study. Data were analysed descriptively and with logistic regression. Most of the adolescents were not worried or a little worried about climate change. Girls, pupils who had at least one parent with higher education and pupils from urban areas were more inclined to worry about the climate. Adolescents who worried about the climate had more symptoms of depression than those who were less worried. While worry about climate change may constitute an additional burden for adolescents experiencing depressive symptoms, such worry can also be seen to reflect climate-friendly values.

• Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Skogen, Jens Christoffer; Bonsaksen, Tore; Skarpaas, Lisebet Skeie & Aas, Randi Wågø (2022). Are workplace factors associated with employee alcohol use? The WIRUS cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 12(10). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064352. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  OBJECTIVES: Sociodemographic predictors of employee alcohol use are well established in the literature, but knowledge about associations between workplace factors and alcohol use is less explored. The aim of this study was to explore whether workplace factors were associated with employee alcohol use (consumption and alcohol-related problems). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. Linear and binary logistic regression analyses. SETTING: Heterogeneous sample of employees (workers and supervisors) from 22 companies across geographical locations and work divisions in Norway. PARTICIPANTS: Employees (N=5388) responded on survey items measuring workplace factors and alcohol use. OUTCOMES: Data on alcohol use were collected with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Consumption was measured with the AUDIT-C (the first three items), and alcohol-related problems were operationalised as a sum score of eight or higher on the full ten-item AUDIT. RESULTS: Higher levels of alcohol consumption were associated with more liberal workplace drinking social norms (b=1.37, p<.001), working full-time (b=.18, p<.001), working from holiday home (b=.40, p<.01), being a supervisor (b=.25, p<.001), having supervisors with less desired leadership qualities (b=-.10, p<.01), shorter working hours (b=-.03, p<.05), higher workplace social support (b=.13, p<.05), and higher income (b=.02, p<.001). Alcohol-related problems were associated with more liberal drinking social norms (OR=3.52, p<.001) and shorter working hours (OR=0.94, p<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Workplace drinking social norms was the supremely most dominant predictor of both consumption and alcohol-related problems. Results suggest that some workplace factors may play a role in explaining employee alcohol consumption, although the predictive ability of these factors was limited. This study points to the importance of drinking social norms, workplace drinking culture and leadership for understanding employee alcohol use.

• Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Sadeghi, Talieh; Bonsaksen, Tore; Graham, Ian D. & Aas, Randi Wågø (2022). Working with alcohol prevention in occupational health services: “knowing how” is more important than “knowing that” – the WIRUS OHS study. Addiction science & clinical practice. ISSN 1940-0632. 17(1). doi: 10.1186/s13722-022-00335-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Alcohol consumption is a major public health challenge; the majority of employees consume alcohol regularly and a considerable proportion of employees can be characterized as risky drinkers in need of interventions. Occupational health services (OHS) are uniquely positioned for implementing alcohol prevention interventions targeting employees, but rarely do so. Studies have shown that lack of knowledge among OHS personnel is a barrier to alcohol prevention activity. This study aimed to explore OHS personnels’ levels of theoretical and practical alcohol knowledge, and whether these two ways of knowing were differentially associated with alcohol prevention activity. Methods In this cross-sectional study, survey data were collected from 322 OHS personnel in Norway in 2018 (response rate = 53.6%). The survey included variables of two ways of knowing (theoretical and practical) and three types of doing (intervention frequency, conducting individual interventions, and conducting group interventions). Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, paired sample t-tests, bivariate correlations, and adjusted linear and logistic regression analyses. Results OHS personnel rated their theoretical alcohol knowledge higher than their practical knowledge (η2 = 0.33, p < 0.001). Higher reported levels of practical knowledge were associated with higher intervention frequency (b = 0.39, β = 0.60, p < 0.001) and greater likelihood of conducting individual interventions (OR = 1.60, p < .001) as well as group interventions (OR = 1.84, p < 0.001). Theoretical knowledge was not associated with conducting interventions, and there was no evidence of an interaction between the two ways of knowing in their association with doing. Sensitivity analyses did not indicate clustering effects of OHS personnel being employed within different units. Conclusions Different ways of knowing about alcohol among OHS personnel were dissimilarly associated with conducting alcohol prevention interventions in occupational health settings. For doing, knowing how seems to be more important than knowing that. Training programs for OHS personnel should emphasize knowledge about how to deal with alcohol-related issues and how to conduct prevention interventions, rather than focus on detrimental effects of alcohol.

• Rosenberg, Marte Kimo & Bonsaksen, Tore (2022). Job satisfaction among psychomotor physiotherapists in Norway. INQUIRY (INQ). ISSN 0046-9580. 59, s. 1–8. doi: 10.1177/00469580221126763. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The objective of the study was to investigate (i) levels of job satisfaction among employed and self-employed psychomotor physiotherapists in Norway and (ii) factors associated with job satisfaction. Although there are several studies on job satisfaction among physiotherapists, there is limited knowledge about job satisfaction among psychomotor physiotherapists in Norway. A cross-sectional survey was distributed to Norwegian psychomotor physiotherapists (n=64) via a weblink. Job satisfaction was measured with 2 different scales (Warr’s and Speakman’s Job Satisfaction Scales). Group differences were analyzed with chi-squared tests and independent sample t-tests. Adjusted associations with job satisfaction were analyzed with multivariate linear regression. Fifty-eight women (90.6%) and 6 men (9.4%) were included in the study. The results revealed an overall high level of job satisfaction among the participants. None of the independent variables were associated with ratings on Warr’s Job Satisfaction Scale. When using Speakman’s Job Satisfaction Scale as outcome, employed practitioners had a higher level of job satisfaction, compared to their self-employed counterparts (P<.01). Being employed was associated with a higher level of job satisfaction, compared to being self-employed. Self-employed physiotherapists also felt more overworked and experienced the job to be more physically demanding than their counterparts.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Hashemi, Neda; de Porras, David Gimeno Ruiz & Aas, Randi Wågø (2022). Do health professionals’ attitudes towards alcohol use matter for alcohol prevention efforts? Results from the WIRUS-OHS study. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08400-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  BACKGROUND: Use of alcohol is a major public health issue, representing the 7th largest burden of disease in the world. Workplaces offer a unique arena for health initiatives addressing alcohol use, where occupational health services (OHS) personnel play an important role. However, we do not know if the extent of such initiatives may be influenced by personal drinking attitudes among OHS personnel. Thus, the aim of the study was to explore how drinking attitudes among OHS personnel were associated wit their frequency of working with alcohol-related cases and with their views on alcohol prevention activities in the OHS. METHODS: The WIRUS project included a cross-sectional survey of attitudes and practices among OHS personnel (n=325) employed by Norwegian OHS services (n=69), who informed about sociodemographics and professional characteristics, drinking attitudes, frequency of cases with alcohol-related issues, and perceptions toward the role of the OHS in primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention activities. Measures of associations were examined with linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS: Drinking attitudes were unrelated to the frequency of working with alcohol-related cases. Physicians, psychologists, and nurses had higher frequency of working with alcohol-related cases, compared to those with other professional backgrounds (β=0.46, p=0.01). Drinking attitudes were also unrelated to attitudes towards primary/secondary/tertiary prevention activities in OHS, while female OHS personnel were more positive towards increased primary alcohol prevention in the OHS (OR:1.82, p<0.05). Only marginal portions (1%-3%) of the variance in attitudes towards alcohol prevention activities in the OHS were accounted for by the models. CONCLUSION: This study did not find evidence of associations between OHS personnel's drinking attitudes and their practices towards alcohol prevention activities. The lack of association between OHS personnel's attitudes towards alcohol use and their attitudes and practices relating to alcohol prevention in the workplace might point towards professionalism, as personal attitudes appear not to interfere with their priorities and professional mission. Given the small amount of outcome variance explained by the tested models, other variables should be used in future studies.

• Asbjørnslett, Mona; Bull, Helen; Mørk, Gry & Bonsaksen, Tore (2022). First year occupational therapy students’ engagement in learning activities - a qualitative study. Journal of Occupational Therapy Education. ISSN 2573-1378. 6(4). doi: 10.26681/jote.2022.060401. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  When students enter a bachelor program in occupational therapy, they engage in a variety of learning activities. To explore students’ perceptions of learning activities, this qualitative study investigated the experiences of six first year students participating in an occupational therapy study program at a Norwegian university. The students took part in two focus group interviews. The interview analysis focused on meaning and ended up with three main themes: 1. Getting to know each other through collaborative learning activities, 2. Engaging in classroom learning activities, and 3. Approaching the syllabus and doing assignments. The study concludes that early engagement in social and collaborative learning activities can be a meaningful prerequisite to future learning focused on meaning and feeling safe in the learning environment. Teaching styles also influence students’ engagement in the occupation of studying, with the change from one teaching style to another being particularly challenging for the students.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Leung, Janni; Price, Daicia; Ruffolo, Mary; Lamph, Gary & Kabelenga, Isaac [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Self-Reported Long COVID in the General Population: Sociodemographic and Health Correlates in a Cross-National Sample. Life. ISSN 2075-1729. 12(6). doi: 10.3390/life12060901. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  We aimed to gain knowledge of possible sociodemographic predictors of long COVID and whether long COVID was associated with health outcomes almost two years after the pandemic outbreak. There were 1649 adults who participated in the study by completing a cross-sectional online survey disseminated openly in Norway, the UK, the USA, and Australia between November 2021 and January 2022. Participants were defined as having long COVID based on self-reports that they had been infected by COVID-19 and were experiencing long-lasting COVID symptoms. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine possible sociodemographic predictors, and multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine whether long COVID status was associated with health outcomes. None of the sociodemographic variables was significantly associated with reporting long COVID. Having long COVID was associated with higher levels of psychological distress, fatigue, and perceived stress. The effect of long COVID on health outcomes was greater among men than among women. In conclusion, long COVID appeared across sociodemographic groups. People with long COVID reported worsened health outcomes compared to those who had had COVID-19 but without long-term symptoms. Men experiencing long COVID appear to be particularly vulnerable to experiencing poorer health outcomes; health services may pay extra attention to potentially unnoticed needs for support among men experiencing long COVID.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Chiu, Vivian; Leung, Janni; Schoultz, Mariyana; Thygesen, Hilde & Price, Daicia [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Students’ Mental Health, Well-Being, and Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-National Study. Healthcare. ISSN 2227-9032. 10(6). doi: 10.3390/healthcare10060996. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  During the COVID-19 pandemic, much research has been devoted to assessing mental health in a variety of populations. Students in higher education appear to be particularly vulnerable to experiencing reduced mental health. The purpose of the study was to assess whether higher education students experienced poorer mental health compared to the general population and examine the factors associated with students’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-national sample of students (n = 354) and non-students (n = 3120) participated in a survey in October/November 2020. Mental health outcomes among students and non-students were compared with independent t-tests. Multiple linear regression analysis and general linear estimation were used to assess the impact of student status on mental health outcomes while adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Students reported poorer mental health than non-students. The difference in mental health between students and non-students was bigger for participants aged 30 years or older. More social media use was associated with poorer mental health outcomes. In conclusion, students had poorer mental health than the wider population. Aspects of life as a student, beyond what can be attributed to life stage, appears to increase mental health problems.

• Kaddech, Nabil; Guelmami, Noomen; Bonsaksen, Tore; Doggui, Radhouane; Beji, Chiraz & Elati, Jalila (2022). Adaptation and Psychometric Evidence of the ARABIC Version of the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (A-DSMQ). Healthcare. ISSN 2227-9032. 10(5). doi: 10.3390/healthcare10050951. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  1) Background: Diabetic patients must engage in self-care practices in order to maintain optimal glycemic control, hence reducing the likelihood of developing complications, and enhance the overall quality of their lives. The Diabetes Self-care Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) is a tool for assessing self-management habits that may be used to predict glycemic control in people with diabetes. However, no Arabic language version of the instrument has been found. Therefore, we adapted an Arabic language version of the instrument in Tunisia. The purpose of the current research aimed to assess the psychometric features of the Tunisian version of the DSMQ in patients with type 2 diabetes. (2) Method: Two samples including both genders, one exploratory (n = 208, mean age 53.2 ± 8.3) and one confirmatory (n = 441, mean age 53.4 ± 7.4), completed an adapted Arabic language version of the DSMQ, a sociodemographic questionnaire and information about their HbA1C levels. (3) Results: The exploratory factor analysis revealed that the 15 items of the A-DSMQ fit well with the data. Likewise, the alpha coefficients for the A-DSMQ factors were above 0.80: for “Glucose Management” (GM), “Dietary Control” (DC), “Physical Activity” (PA), and “Heath-Care Use” (HU). The fit indices for the CFA were good, and the four-factor solution was confirmed. The Average Variance Extracted values and Fornell–Larcker criterion established the convergent and discriminant validity, respectively. The concurrent validity of the tool was established through the statistically significant negative relationships between the A-DSMQ factors and HbA1C, in addition to its positive association with the practice of physical activity measured by the IPAQ. (4) Conclusions: Given the high EFA factor loadings, the CFA fit indices, the correlation matrix, the sensitivity analysis, the convergent validity, and the excellent internal consistency of the A-DSMQ, it can be concluded that the A-DSMQ is an effective psychometric tool for diabetes self-management in Tunisia

• Helgøy, Kjersti Velde; Bonsaksen, Tore & Røykenes, Kari (2022). Research-based education in undergraduate occupational therapy and physiotherapy education programmes: a scoping review. BMC Medical Education. ISSN 1472-6920. 22(1), s. 1–23. doi: 10.1186/s12909-022-03354-2. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background In a research-based learning environment, students learn how to become critical thinkers and lifelong learners, and to generate discipline-enriching knowledge. Research training is important for all healthcare professionals and the integration of research in education can be one approach to improve evidence-based practice among future professionals. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify studies reporting on research-based education in undergraduate occupational therapy and physiotherapy curricula to document the current state of knowledge and to map factors that reflect and support the implementation of research-based education in undergraduate occupational therapy and physiotherapy programmes. Methods A scoping review was used to systematically select and summarize existing literature. The search was conducted using a combination of keywords and MeSH terms in the following databases: EBSCO (Academic Search Elite, CINAHL, ERIC), MEDLINE, Embase, Education Source and grey literature. A thematic analysis identified strategies used to implement and promote research-based education in occupational therapy and physiotherapy bachelor programmes. Results The database search identified 3068 records. 75 were eligible for full-text assessment and 27 studies were included. The studies were published between 1999 and 2021 and were conducted in Norway, Canada, South Africa, Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States, New Zealand, Ireland, Taiwan, Italy, and Iran. The study designs were mainly quantitative and qualitative, and studies included primarily occupational therapy and physiotherapy students. We identified the following four strategies: ‘student engagement in research’, ‘curriculum improvement regarding EBP’, ‘EBP teaching’ and ‘journal club’, where ‘EBP teaching’ was most frequently identified. Conclusions Findings from this scoping review suggest that ensuring students’ competence in research methods is necessary for students to be able to read and understand research articles, which are important as foundational skills in undergraduate research training. Journal clubs can be a foundation for student engagement with research literature, and students’ basic research skills may be facilitated through their involvement in research projects and by conducting systematic reviews. Further, cooperation with clinical practice is important, and the awareness of research-based education should be increased among both faculty members and students.

• Aas, Maren H. & Bonsaksen, Tore (2022). Exploring occupation-based practice among occupational therapists in hospitals and rehabilitation institutions. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 1103-8128. doi: 10.1080/11038128.2022.2059564. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• DaLomba, Elaina; Bonsaksen, Tore & Mansur, Saji (2022). Healthcare Students’ Approaches to Studying in Association With Self-Efficacy and Mental Health: Repeated Cross-Sectional Analysis. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health. ISSN 0164-212X. doi: 10.1080/0164212X.2022.2078757. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  There has been increasing concern about student mental health, self-efficacy, and their impact on approaches to learning. Little is known about how these three constructs relate and change over time. This is a second study exploring graduate occupational and physical therapy students’ approaches to studying, mental health factors, self-efficacy, and changes in relationships between these factors over time. We found that higher self-efficacy was related to higher deep approach ratings, while higher mental health ratings were related to higher strategic approach ratings and lower surface approach ratings. Self-efficacy and mental health show relatively consistent associations over time with student approaches to learning.

• Bredal, Inger Schou; Bonsaksen, Tore; Ekeberg, Øivind; Skogstad, Laila; Grimholt, Tine Kristin & Heir, Trond (2022). A comparison between healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers’ anxiety, depression and PTSD during the initial COVID -19 lockdown. Public Health in Practice. ISSN 2666-5352. 3. doi: 10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100267. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Edvardsen, Even Elias; Dalseth, Eline Fjærestad; Johnson, Susanne Grødem; Stigen, Linda; Mørk, Gry & Magne, Trine A [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Occupational therapy students’ preferences for teaching and course design across a three-year undergraduate education program. Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy (IJOT). ISSN 0791-8437. 50(1), s. 51–57. doi: 10.1108/IJOT-03-2022-0012. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Geirdal, Amy Østertun; Nerdrum, Per; Høglend, Per Andreas & Bonsaksen, Tore (2022). Changes in Psychological Distress in Five Groups of Welfare State Service Workers over a Nine-Year Period. Healthcare. ISSN 2227-9032. 10(4). doi: 10.3390/healthcare10040592. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Health and social care workers are exposed to varying degrees of stress in their work, which may be reflected in their trajectories of psychological distress during the education program and the first years in the job. The aim of this study was to add to the knowledge concerned with the long-term development of psychological distress in five groups of welfare state service workers in Norway. The study included 1612 individuals. Psychological distress was measured with General Health Questionnaire-12 at four occasions from the start of the education program to 6 years post-graduation (nine year follow-up period). Results of linear mixed models (LMM) for repeated measures showed that psychological distress changed significantly over time in the social work professional groups. At the start of the education program, the lowest and highest levels of psychological distress were found among the child welfare and social workers, respectively. Six years post-graduation, social workers had become less distressed and child welfare workers had become more distressed. No significant change pattern for psychological distress was found among any of the health care professional groups.

• Stigen, Linda; Mørk, Gry; Carstensen, Tove; Magne, Trine A; Gramstad, Astrid & Johnson, Susanne Grødem [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Perceptions of the academic learning environment among occupational therapy students – changes across a three-year undergraduate study program. BMC Medical Education. ISSN 1472-6920. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12909-022-03291-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction: Although the learning environment influences students’ motivation, learning outcomes, and satisfaction with the study program, less is known about how these factors change as the students’ progress through the study program. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine changes in occupational therapy students’ perceptions of the academic learning environment during their three-year study program and to examine factors associated with the students’ perceptions of the learning environment. Materials and methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted throughout the three-year study program. Data were collected annually using the Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ). In total, 263 students from six occupational therapy programs participated in at least one data gathering point. The number of participants was 186 in the first year, 168 in the second year and 200 in the third year. Of the 263 students who participated in the study, 87 participated in only one point of data collection, 58 at two points and 118 at all three points of the data collection. Data were analyzed with linear mixed models. Results: The results showed statistically significant temporal changes on the “Emphasis on independence”, “Good teaching” and “Generic skills” scales. There was a significant decrease in scores from the first to the second year of study and the scores remained at this level in the third study year on both the “Emphasis on independence” and “Good teaching” scales. In addition, associations were found between study effort and educational institution related to the “Appropriate workload” scale, as well as between age and the “Generic skills” scale. Conclusion: The temporal changes of the students’ perceptions of the “Emphasis on independence” as well as “Good teaching” scales are noteworthy. Both scales indicated a significant decrease in scores, indicating that the students perceived that they were less independent from first to second and third year, as well as a perceived decline in the quality of teaching from first to second and third year. The results of this study are central when planning to facilitate learning, especially related to independence and perceptions of good teaching for students in occupational therapy programs.

• Tannoubi, Amayra; Guelmami, Noomen; Bonsaksen, Tore; Chalghaf, Nasr; Fairouz, Azaiez & Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi (2022). Development and Preliminary Validation of the Physical Education-Study Process Questionnaire (PE-SPQ): Insights for Physical Education university students . Frontiers in Public Health. ISSN 2296-2565. 10. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.856167. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: The Revised Two Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) is used to examine students' study approaches in higher education. The questionnaire is designed to measure two factors: deep and surface approaches. In order to measure these approaches for students in physical education and sport, a new measurement instrument should take into consideration the practical context of this field of education that makes it specific to other fields. Objective: The present study aims (a) to develop and empirical test of a new instrument for measuring the study process in physical education and sports students, and (b) to test psychometric properties of the tool. Methods: Two exploratory and confirmatory samples of physical education students enrolled in a bachelor's degree program in physical education at the High Institute of Physical Education and Sports of Kef-Tunisia, aged 19–26 years, were recruited online among female students (n = 414) and male students (n = 393). The participants filled in Google Form survey including Physical Education-Study Process Questionnaire (PE-SPQ) and the Arabic version of the Revised Study Process Questionnaire-2 Factors (R-SPQ-2F). Results: Exploratory factor analysis showed a suitable four factors solution, which is approved by confirmatory factor analysis indices [χ2 = 466.47, TLI = 0.94, CFI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.56 IC 90% (0.050–0.062)]. Internal consistency of the PE-SPQ simultaneously checked by McDonald's ω, Cronbach's α and Gutmann's λ6 showed good reliability of the PE-SPQ. Convergent validity examined by Average variance extracted (AVE) was good. The comparison between the AVE root mean square and Pearson correlation coefficients of each factor with his indicators reveals the discriminant validity of the PE-SPQ. Furthermore, Pearson's correlation between the PE-SPQ factors and the R-SPQ-2F establishes the concurrent validity of the new scale. Conclusion: The PE-SPQ scale is valid and reliable and can be used to assess study process factors in physical education students.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Brunes, Audun & Heir, Trond (2022). Post-traumatic stress disorder in people with visual impairment compared with the general population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 19(2), s. 619–619. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19020619. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: People with a visual impairment appear to have an increased risk of experiencing potentially traumatizing life events and possibly also subsequently developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study investigated the point prevalence of PTSD in people with a visual impairment compared with the general population of Norway and examined factors associated with PTSD among people with a visual impairment. Methods: A telephone-based survey was administered to a probability sample of 1216 adults with a visual impairment. Of these, 736 (61% response rate) participated. A probability sample from the general population served as a reference (n = 1792, 36% response rate). PTSD was measured with the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5), based on the currently most bothersome event reported from the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5). We used the DSM-5 diagnostic guidelines to categorize participants as fulfilling the PTSD symptom criteria or not. Results: The prevalence of PTSD was higher among people with a visual impairment than in the general population, both for men (9.0% vs. 3.8%) and women (13.9% vs. 8.5%). The prevalence rates of PTSD from the illness or injury that had caused the vision loss (men 3.9%, women 2.2%) accounted for a considerable part of the difference between the populations. For women, PTSD related to sexual assaults also contributed significantly to a higher PTSD prevalence in the visually impaired versus the general population (5.2% vs. 2.2%), while for men there were no other event categories which resulted in significant differences. Among people with a visual impairment, the higher risk of PTSD was associated with lower age, female gender, having acquired the vision loss, and having other impairments in addition to the vision loss. Conclusion: The higher prevalence of PTSD in people with a visual impairment suggests that vulnerability to mental health problems is associated with serious life events. The higher incidence than in the general population is partly due to the illness or injury that had led to the vision loss and partly due to people with vision loss appearing to be more vulnerable through exposure to other types of potentially traumatizing events, such as sexual abuse.

• Bonsaksen, Tore & Breen-Franklin, Adele (2022). Intrinsic relationships between learning conceptions, preferences for teaching and approaches to studying among occupational therapy students in the United States. Occupational Therapy in Health Care. ISSN 0738-0577. doi: 10.1080/07380577.2022.2025512.
• DaLomba, Elaina; Bonsaksen, Tore; Greer, Mary Jan & Mansur, Saji (2022). Changes in study approaches, self-efficacy, and mental health in allied healthcare students during the COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Occupational Therapy Education. ISSN 2573-1378. 6(2), s. 1–13. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  There is growing concern about student mental health, particularly during the COVID-19 crisis. Mental health factors impact self-efficacy and study behaviors, thus there is a need to explore changes in these factors during the pandemic. The aim of this study was to explore changes in allied healthcare students’ approaches to studying, self-efficacy and positive mental health before and during the COVID-19 crisis. The Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students, General Self-efficacy scale, Mental Health Continuum – Short Form were given to graduate students (n=26) prior to, and one year into the pandemic. Repeated measures analyses of variance were performed. General self-efficacy scores increased with large effect size, while no significant change pattern was observed for mental health scores. The decrease in strategic study approach scores had a large effect size. The changes in deep and surface study approach scores across time were not statistically significant. While students sustained their mental health and increased their self-efficacy, students may benefit from assistance in organizing daily academic routines and fostering community support during times of crisis.

• Thygesen, Hilde; Bonsaksen, Tore; Schoultz, Mariyana; Mary, Ruffolo; Leung, Janni & Price, Daicia [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Social Media Use and Its Associations With Mental Health Nine Months After the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-National Study. Frontiers in Public Health. ISSN 2296-2565. 9. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.752004. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: The covid-19 pandemic has impacted the health and well-being of millions across the globe. Strict social distancing policies and periodic lockdowns has led to an increased reliance on alternative online means of communication, including social media. Objectives: to examine (i) social media use and mental health in the general population 9 months after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and (ii) mental health in relation to motives for and extent of social media use, while adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Methods: A cross-national online survey was conducted in Norway, UK, USA and Australia. Participants (n = 3,474) reported extent of and motives for social media use and completed the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by chi-square tests, one-way analyses of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Poorer mental health was associated with using social media to decrease loneliness and for entertainment motives, while better mental health was associated with using social media for personal contact and maintaining relationships. Overall increased daily time on social media was associated with poorer mental health. The social media use variables were responsible for a substantial proportion of the outcome variance explained. These findings were consistent across the four countries, with only minor variations. Conclusions: Motives for using, and time spent using, social media were associated with the participants' mental health. Guidance and recommendations for social media usage to the general public for prevention and intervention for behavioral health may be beneficial.

• Price, Daicia; Bonsaksen, Tore; Ruffolo, Mary; Leung, Janni; Thygesen, Hilde & Schoultz, Mariyana [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine as reported nine months after the pandemic outbreak: A cross-national study. Social Sciences. ISSN 2076-0760. 10(11). doi: 10.3390/socsci10110442. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Thygesen, Hilde; Bonsaksen, Tore; Schoultz, Mariyana; Ruffolo, Mary; Leung, Janni & Price, Daicia [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Use and self‑perceived effects of social media before and after the COVID‑19 outbreak: a cross‑national study. Health and Technology. ISSN 2190-7188. doi: 10.1007/s12553-021-00595-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  To (i) examine the use of social media before and after the COVID-19 outbreak; (ii) examine the self-perceived impact of social media before and after the outbreak; and (iii) examine whether the self-perceived impacts of social media after the outbreak varied by levels of mental health. A cross-national online survey was conducted in Norway, UK, USA and Australia. Participants (n = 3810) reported which social media they used, how frequently they used them before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, and the degree to which they felt social media contributed to a range of outcomes. The participants also completed the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by chi-square tests and multiple linear regression analysis. Social media were used more frequently after the pandemic outbreak than compared to before the outbreak. Self-perceived effects from using social media increased after the COVID-19 outbreak, and in particular stress and concern for own and others’ health. Emotional distress was associated with being more affected from using social media, in particular in terms of stress and concern for own or others’ health. The use of social media has increased during the coronavirus outbreak, as well as its impacts on people. In particular, the participants reported more stress and health concerns attributed to social media use after the COVID-19 outbreak. People with poor mental health appear to be particularly vulnerable to experiencing more stress and concern related to their use of social media.

• Price, Daicia; Bonsaksen, Tore; Ruffolo, Mary; Leung, Janni; Chiu, Vivian & Thygesen, Hilde [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Perceived Trust in Public Authorities Nine Months after the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-National Study. Social Sciences. ISSN 2076-0760. 10(9), s. 349–349. doi: 10.3390/socsci10090349. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Magne, Trine A; Stigen, Linda; Gramstad, Astrid; Åsli, Lene Angel & Mørk, Gry [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Associations between occupational therapy students’ academic performance and their study approaches and perceptions of the learning environment. BMC Medical Education. ISSN 1472-6920. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12909-021-02940-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Relationships between students’ academic performance and their employed study approaches have been studied extensively. However, research using study approaches and learning environment factors as concurrent predictors of academic performance is sparse. There is a need to disentangle the potentially interrelated influences of individual and contextual factors on students’ academic performance. Objective This study aimed to increase the understanding of the associations between occupational therapy students’ academic performance, and their approaches to studying, perceptions of the learning environment, and sociodemographic characteristics. Method A cross-sectional study was designed, and 174 first-year students completed the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students and the Course Experience Questionnaire, in addition to background information. Data on grades were collected from the data registries of each education institution, and associations were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results None of the learning environment scales were associated with grades. Adjusting for all variables, better exam results were associated with being female (β = 0.22, p < 0.01) and having higher scores on strategic approach (β = 0.31, p < 0.001) and lower scores on surface approach (β = -0.20, p < 0.01). Conclusion The study suggests that students with a desire for obtaining good grades ought to use strategic study behaviors and avoid using surface approach behaviors. While it is important to ensure good quality of the learning environment for a variety of reasons, the learning environment did not contribute significantly to explain the students’ academic performance.

• Helgøy, Kjersti Velde; Smeby, Jens-Christian & Bonsaksen, Tore (2021). Practice educators’ emphasis on research in supervision of occupational therapy students. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 1103-8128. s. 1–15. doi: 10.1080/11038128.2021.1968948. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ruffolo, Mary; Price, Daicia; Bonsaksen, Tore; Leung, Janni; Schoultz, Mariyana & Thygesen, Hilde [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Cross-National Study of Mental Health and Employment Status Nine Months Post Social Distancing Implementation Practices. The British Journal of Social Work. ISSN 0045-3102. 52(4), s. 2105–2124. doi: 10.1093/bjsw/bcab177. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Schou-Bredal, Inger; Grimholt, Tine K.; Bonsaksen, Tore; Skogstad, Laila; Heir, Trond & Ekeberg, Øivind (2021). Psychological responses and associated factors during the initial lockdown due to the corona disease epidemic (COVID-19) among Norwegian citizens. Journal of Mental Health. ISSN 0963-8237. s. 1–9. doi: 10.1080/09638237.2021.1952949. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  BACKGROUND Ongoing COVID-19 studies pay little attention to the risk or protective factors related to psychological stress. AIMS This study aims to estimate the prevalence of anxiety, depression and insomnia during the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak, and explore factors that might be associated with these outcomes. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted using snowball-sampling strategy. Participants from 18 years or older filled out an anonymous online questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 4527 citizens filled out the questionnaire. Prevalence rates were; insomnia 31.8%, anxiety 17.1% and depression 12.5%. Risk factors associated with anxiety, depression and insomnia were being single (OR = 0.75, OR = 0.57, OR = 0.59), unemployed (OR = 0.47, OR = 0.53, OR = 0.73), financial concerns (OR = 1.66, OR = 2.09, OR = 1.80) at risk for complication from COVID-19 (OR = 1.63, OR = 1.68, OR = 1.60), and being generally worried due to the COVID-19 (OR 0 3.06, OR = 1.41, OR = 1.74). CONCLUSION Being single, unemployed, at risk of health complications, or having concerns because of financial or other consequences of the pandemic are associated with mental health adversities such as anxiety, depression and insomnia during a pandemic lockdown.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Leung, Janni; Schoultz, Mariyana; Thygesen, Hilde; Price, Daicia & Ruffolo, Mary [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Cross-national study of worrying, loneliness, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison between individuals with and without infection in the family. Healthcare. ISSN 2227-9032. 9(7). doi: 10.3390/healthcare9070903. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objective: The objective of this study was to examine differences in worry, loneliness, and mental health between those individuals infected by COVID-19 or having someone their family infected, and the rest of the population. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Norway, UK, USA, and Australia during April/May 2020. Participants (n = 3810) were recruited via social media postings by the researchers and the involved universities. Differences between those with and without infection in the family were investigated with chi-square tests and independent t-tests. Multiple regression analyses were used to assess associations between sociodemographic variables and psychological outcomes (worry, loneliness, and mental health) in both groups. Results: Compared to their counterparts, participants with infection in the family reported higher levels of worries about themselves (p < 0.05) and their family members (p < 0.001) and had poorer mental health (p < 0.05). However, the effect sizes related to the differences were small. The largest effect (d = 0.24) concerned worries about their immediate family. Poorer psychological outcomes were observed in those who were younger, female, unemployed, living alone and had lower levels of education, yet with small effect sizes. Conclusions: In view of the small differences between those with and without infection, we generally conclude that the mental health effects of the COVID-19 situation are not limited to those who have been infected or have had an infection within the family but extend to the wider population.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Ruffolo, Mary; Leung, Janni; Price, Daicia; Thygesen, Hilde & Schoultz, Mariyana [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Loneliness and its association with social media use during the COVID-19 outbreak. Social Media + Society. ISSN 2056-3051. s. 1–10. doi: 10.1177/20563051211033821. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Social distancing rules during the COVID-19 pandemic changed social interaction for many and increased the risk of loneliness in the general population. Social media use has been ambiguously related to loneliness, and associations may differ by age. The study aimed to examine loneliness and its association with social media use within different age groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Norway, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia during April/May 2020, and 3,810 participants aged 18 years or above were recruited. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between social media use and social and emotional loneliness within separate age groups. Emotional loneliness was higher among young adults and among those who used social media several times daily. Adjusting by sociodemographic variables, using more types of social media was associated with lower social loneliness among the oldest participants, and with higher emotional loneliness among the youngest participants. Among middle-aged participants, using social media more frequently was associated with lower social loneliness. We found that the associations between social media use and loneliness varied by age. Older people’s engagement on social media may be a resource to reduce loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic. We observed higher levels of loneliness among high-frequent social media users of younger age.

• DaLomba, Elaina; Gramstad, Astrid; Johnson, Susanne Grødem; Carstensen, Tove; Stigen, Linda & Mørk, Gry [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Predictors of students’ participation in a learning environment survey with annual follow-ups. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 16(6). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253773. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Longitudinal research is one effective way to gauge changes in a student cohort over time, however attrition in these studies is typically high, which can result in study bias. This study explored learning environment factors, approaches to studying, and academic performance as predictors of occupational therapy students’ consistent participation in data collection conducted over three years of their professional program. Method A longitudinal study of Norwegian occupational therapy students (analyzed n = 240) was conducted. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore occupational therapy students’ perceptions of the learning environment, their approaches to studying, and exam grades as they related to the likelihood of consistent participation at three annual surveys. Results Annual response rates varied between 55.1%, and 65.6%, and consistent participation was observed among 49.2%. The fully adjusted regression models showed that higher strategic approach scores increased the odds of consistent participation (adjusted OR: 1.04, p < 0.01), whereas higher surface approach scores decreased the odds of consistent participation (adjusted OR: 0.95, p < 0.05). Neither sociodemographic factors, learning environment factors nor academic performance predicted participation over time. Conclusions Researchers can anticipate relatively high levels of attrition in longitudinal studies of occupational therapy students, but attrition seems to be largely proportional between groups. However, completers in longitudinal studies may be somewhat more well-organized and academically oriented than drop-outs.

• Schoultz, Mariyana; Leung, Janni; Bonsaksen, Tore; Ruffolo, Mary; Thygesen, Hilde & Price, Daicia [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Mental health, information and being connected: Qualitative experiences of social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic from a trans-national sample. Healthcare. ISSN 2227-9032. 9(6), s. 1–14. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9060735. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract: Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the strict national policies regarding social distancing behavior in Europe, America and Australia, people became reliant on social media as a means for gathering information and as a tool for staying connected to family, friends and work. This is the first trans-national study exploring the qualitative experiences and challenges of using social media while in lockdown or shelter-in-place during the current pandemic. Methods: This study was part of a wider cross-sectional online survey conducted in Norway, the UK, USA and Australia during April/May 2020. The manuscript reports on the qualitative free-text component of the study asking about the challenges of social media users during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, USA and Australia. A total of 1991 responses were included in the analysis. Thematic analysis was conducted independently by two researchers. Results: Three overarching themes identified were: Emotional/Mental Health, Information and Being Connected. Participants experienced that using social media during the pandemic amplified anxiety, depression, fear, panic, anger, frustration and loneliness. They felt that there was information overload and social media was full of misleading or polarized opinions which were difficult to switch off. Nonetheless, participants also thought that there was an urge for connection and learning, which was positive and stressful at the same time. Conclusion: Using social media while in a shelter-in-place or lockdown could have a negative impact on the emotional and mental health of some of the population. To support policy and practice in strengthening mental health care in the community, social media could be used to deliver practical advice on coping and stress management. Communication with the public should be strengthened by unambiguous and clear messages and clear communication pathways. We should be looking at alternative ways of staying connected.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Thygesen, Hilde; Leung, Janni; Ruffolo, Mary; Schoultz, Mariyana & Price, Daicia [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Video-based communication and its association with loneliness, mental health and quality of life among older people during the COVID-19 outbreak. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 18(12), s. 1–10. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18126284. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The aim of the study was to examine the use of video-based communication and its association with loneliness, mental health and quality of life in older adults (60–69 years versus 70+ years) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Norway, UK, USA and Australia during April/May 2020, and 836 participants in the relevant age groups were included in the analysis. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between the use of video-based communication tools and loneliness, mental health and quality of life within age groups, while adjusting by sociodemographic variables. Video-based communication tools were found to be more often used among participants aged 60–69 years (60.1%), compared to participants aged 70 or above (51.8%, p < 0.05). Adjusting for all variables, the use of video-based communication was associated with less loneliness (β = −0.12, p < 0.01) and higher quality of life (β = 0.14, p < 0.01) among participants aged 60–69 years, while no associations were observed for participants in the oldest age group. The use of video-based communication tools was therefore associated with favorable psychological outcomes among participants in their sixties, but not among participants in the oldest age group. The study results support the notion that age may influence the association between the use of video-based communication tools and psychological outcomes amongst older people

• Bredal, Inger Schou; Skogstad, Laila; Grimholt, Tine K.; Bonsaksen, Tore; Ekeberg, Øivind & Heir, Trond (2021). Concerns in the norwegian population during the initial lockdown due to the covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 18(11). doi: 10.3390/ijerph18116119. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract: Although concern affects one’s welfare or happiness, few studies to date have focused on peoples’ concerns during the initial COVID-19 lockdown. The aim of the study was to explore concerns in the Norwegian populations according to gender and age, and identify which concerns were most prominent during the lockdown. A population-based cross-sectional online survey using snowball-sampling strategies was conducted, to which 4527 adults (≥18 years) responded. Questions related to concerns had response alternatives yes or no. In addition, they were asked which concern was most prominent. Nearly all the 4527 respondents (92%) reported that they were concerned: 60.9% were generally concerned about the pandemic, 83.9% were concerned about family and friends, 21.8% had financial concerns, and 25.3% expected financial loss. More women were concerned about family and friends than males, (85.2% vs. 76.2%, p < 0.001), whereas more men expected financial loss (30.4% vs. 24.4%y, p = 0.001). Younger adults (<50 years) had more financial concerns than older adults (25.9% vs. 10.5%, p < 0.001). Being concerned about family and friends was the most prominent concern and was associated with; lower age (OR 0.79), female gender (OR 1.59), and being next of kin (2.42). The most prominent concern for adults 70 years or older was being infected by COVID-19. In conclusion, women and younger individuals were most concerned. While adults under 70 years of age were most concerned about family and friends and adults 70 years or older were most concerned about being infected by COVID-19.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Skogen, Jens Christoffer; Hesse, Morten & Aas, Randi Wågø (2021). Are Demanding Job Situations Associated with Alcohol-Related Presenteeism? The WIRUS-Screening Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 18(11). doi: 10.3390/ijerph18116169. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract: Alcohol-related presenteeism (impaired work performance caused by alcohol use) is an important but under-researched topic. The aim of this study was to explore whether psychosocial work environment factors were associated with alcohol-related presenteeism. A cross sectional study of Norwegian employees (n = 6620) was conducted. Logistic regression analyses were used for estimating associations with alcohol-related presenteeism, which was reported among 473 (7.1%) of the employees. Adjusted by age, gender, education level and managerial level, higher levels of overcommitment to work were associated with alcohol-related presenteeism. Higher age, male gender and higher education were also associated with alcohol-related presenteeism. Occupational health services and employers should especially focus on overcommitted employees when designing workplace health promotion programs. Modifying attitudes towards alcohol-related presenteeism among overcommitted employees may be of importance for safety at work.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Nerdrum, Per & Geirdal, Amy Østertun (2021). Psychological distress and its associations with psychosocial work environment factors in four professional groups: A cross-sectional study. Nursing and Health Sciences. ISSN 1441-0745. 23(3), s. 698–707. doi: 10.1111/nhs.12856. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Bonsaksen, Tore; Skogen, Jens Christoffer; Skarpaas, Lisebet Skeie; Sevic, Aleksandra & Mechelen, Willem van [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Willingness to participate in alcohol prevention interventions targeting risky drinking employees. The WIRUS project. Frontiers in Public Health. ISSN 2296-2565. 9. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.692605. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: The extent to which eligible individuals in a target population are willing to participate in interventions is important when evaluating the efficacy of public health interventions. Objectives: As part of a process evaluation of an ongoing randomized controlled trial, this study aimed to identify the proportion of risky drinkers who were willing to participate in an alcohol prevention intervention in an occupational health setting, and correlates for such willingness. Methods: Risky drinking employees from 22 companies in Norway were identified through an alcohol screening survey. Risky drinkers' (N = 779) willingness to complete a health examination and to be randomized into an alcohol prevention intervention (digital or face-to-face intervention, or control) was recorded by personnel from occupational health services. The proportion of employees who were willing to participate was assessed on 31 potential correlates (sociodemographic, alcohol-related, work-related, and lifestyle/daily activity). Adjusted (multiple logistic regression) analyses were utilized to explore associations between potential correlates and willingness to participate. Results: Altogether, 38.1% of employees were willing to participate in prevention interventions. In the adjusted analysis, only 5 out of 31 potential correlates were significantly associated with willingness to participate. Managers were more than twice as willing to participate than workers (OR = 2.17, p < 0.01). Willing employees had less workplace decision latitude (perceived control over workplace decisions and less possibility of utilizing personal skills in the job) (OR = 0.62, p < 0.05), and were more overcommitted with exorbitant work ambition and need for approval (OR = 1.49, p < 0.05). Willing employees had to some extent less alcohol-related impaired work performance (presenteeism, OR = 0.78, p < 0.05), and they spent less time on care activities (OR = 0.84, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Reaching four out of ten with risky drinking habits for prevention interventions strengthens the rationale for targeting this public health problem in occupational health care settings. In particular, this study suggests the importance of ensuring secure commitment among workers, who were less willing til participate than managers. Nevertheless, tailoring recruitment and implementation strategies based on easily identifiable correlates may be onerous.

• Geirdal, Amy Østertun; Price, Daicia; Schoultz, Mariyana; Thygesen, Hilde; Ruffolo, Mary & Leung, Janni [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). The Significance of Demographic Variables on Psychosocial Health from the Early Stage and Nine Months after the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak. A Cross-National Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18084345. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract: This cross-national study explored stability and change in mental health, quality of life, wellbeing and loneliness during the early stage and nine months after the implementation of COVID-19 pandemic social distancing measures and periodic lockdowns as adjusted by demographic variables. In the USA, the UK, Australia and Norway, 7284 individuals responded to the invitation to take part in two cross-sectional web-based surveys (April and November 2020), including questions about sociodemographic variables and psychosocial outcomes. Independent t-tests and generalized linear models (GLM) and estimated marginal means were used to analyze differences between subgroups and countries, multiple linear regression analyses were conducted on the psychosocial outcome measures by demographic variables and time in each country and mean responses presented by time after adjusting for all demographic variables in the model. Age, gender, civil status, education, employment, place of work and living area were all significant factors for psychosocial health across the countries. Differences in mental health, quality of life, well-being and loneliness were found between the countries in both April and November 2020, while time did not contribute to reducing the toll in any of the four countries over the nine-month period.

• Skogstad, Laila; Bredal, Inger Schou; Bonsaksen, Tore; Heir, Trond; Ekeberg, Øivind & Grimholt, Tine Kristin (2021). Concerns related to the COVID-19 in adult Norwegians during the first outbreak in 2020: A qualitative approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 18(8). doi: 10.3390/ijerph18084312. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Concerns related to the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Norwegian population are studied in a cross-sectional web-survey conducted between 8 April and 20 May 2020. The qualitative thematic analysis of the open-ended question “Do you have other concerns related to the pandemic?”, followed a six-step process. Concerns from 1491 informants were analyzed, 34% of women and 30% of men (p = 0.05) provided concerns. Respondents with higher educational level reported concerns more often (86% vs. 83%, p = 0.022). The qualitative analysis revealed five themes—society, health, social activities, personal economy and duration—and 13 sub-themes, mostly related to the themes “society” and “health” (724 and 704, respectively). Empathy for others was prominent, for society (nationally and globally), but also concerns related to infecting others and family members at risk for developing serious illness if infected. The responses to the open-ended question yielded additional information, beyond the information obtained from questions with pre-categorized response options, especially related to concerns about society and health. Themes arising from the qualitative analysis shed light on what are important concerns for people during the pandemic and this may serve as targeted measures for the authorities.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Skogstad, Laila; Heir, Trond; Ekeberg, Øivind; Bredal, Inger Schou & Grimholt, Tine Kristin (2021). Suicide Thoughts and Attempts in the Norwegian General Population during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Outbreak. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. s. 1–9. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18084102. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of suicide thoughts and attempts during the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak and examine pandemic-related factors associated with suicide thoughts in the general Norwegian population. A sample of 4527 adults living in Norway were recruited via social media. Data related to suicide thoughts and attempts, alcohol use, pandemic-related concerns, and sociodemographic variables were collected. Associations with suicide thoughts were analyzed with logistic regression analysis. In the sample, 3.6% reported suicide thoughts during the last month, while 0.2% had attempted suicide during the same period. Previous suicide attempts (OR: 11.93, p < 0.001), lower age (OR: 0.69, p < 0.001), daily alcohol use (OR: 3.31, p < 0.001), being in the risk group for COVID-19 complications (OR: 2.15, p < 0.001), and having economic concerns related to the pandemic (OR: 2.28, p < 0.001) were associated with having current suicide thoughts. In addition to known risk factors, the study suggests that aspects specific to COVID-19 may be important for suicidal behaviors during the pandemic.

• Yazdani, Farzaneh; Bonsaksen, Tore; Roberts, Dave; Hess, Ka Yan & Samaneh Karamali, Esmaili (2021). The Self-Efficacy for Therapeutic Use of Self Questionnaire (SETUS): psychometric properties of the English version. Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy (IJOT). ISSN 0791-8437. doi: 10.1108/IJOT-10-2020-0015. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate psychometric properties of the Self-Efficacy for Therapeutic Use of Self (SETUS) scales, a questionnaire based on the Intentional Relationship model, and to investigate the factor structure and internal consistency of the English version of three-part SETUS questionnaire in occupational therapy students. Design/methodology/approach The sample of this cross-sectional study included 155 students with age range 18–30 years, of which 95% were women. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was performed on the questionnaire scales, including the Self-Efficacy for Therapeutic Mode Use (SETMU), Self-Efficacy for Recognizing Interpersonal Characteristics (SERIC) and Self-Efficacy for Managing Interpersonal Events (SEMIE). The internal consistencies were calculated. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the strength of correlation among the scales. Findings The PCA confirmed that the items of each of the three proposed scales loaded strongly on one factor (self-efficacy for three factors of therapeutic mode use, recognizing interpersonal characteristics and managing interpersonal events). The Cronbach’s alpha for the SETMU, SERIC and SEMIE was 0.85, 0.95 and 0.96, respectively. The three scales significantly inter-correlated strongly (r ranging 0.74–0.83, all p < 0.001). Originality/value The SETUS questionnaire comprises three valid and reliable scales. It can be used by occupational therapy supervisors as a means to reflect on students’ self-efficacy in components of therapeutic use of self.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Ekeberg, Øivind; Bredal, Inger Schou; Skogstad, Laila; Heir, Trond & Grimholt, Tine Kristin (2021). Use of alcohol and addictive drugs during the COVID-19 outbreak in Norway: associations with mental health and pandemic-related problems . Frontiers in Public Health. ISSN 2296-2565. 9:667729(429), s. 1–9. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.667729. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has had a major impact on people's daily life. This study aimed to examine use of alcohol and addictive drugs during the COVID-19 outbreak in Norway and examine their association with mental health problems and problems related to the pandemic. Methods: A sample of 4,527 persons responded to the survey. Use of alcohol and addictive drugs were cross-tabulated with sociodemographic variables, mental health problems, and problems related to COVID-19. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the strength of the associations. Results: Daily use of alcohol was associated with depression and expecting financial loss in relation to the COVID-19 outbreak. Use of cannabis was associated with expecting financial loss in relation to COVID-19. Use of sedatives was associated with anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Use of painkillers was associated with insomnia and self-reported risk of complications if contracting the coronavirus. Conclusion: The occurrence of mental health problems is more important for an understanding of the use of alcohol and addictive drugs during the COVID-19 outbreak in Norway, compared to specific pandemic-related worries.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Lindstad, Marte Ørud; Håkansson, Carita; Wagman, Petra & Cordier, Reinie (2021). Rasch analysis of the Norwegian version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire in a sample of occupational therapy students. Occupational Therapy International. ISSN 0966-7903. doi: 10.1155/2021/8863453. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background. Recently, the Occupational Balance Questionnaire developed in Sweden was translated into Norwegian. No studies to date have examined the measurement properties of the Norwegian version of this questionnaire. Aim. The study is aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire, the OBQ11-N. Methods. Along with sociodemographic data, 180 occupational therapy students enrolled at two Norwegian universities completed the OBQ11-N as well as one question each related to health and quality of life and some sociodemographic variables. Rasch analysis was employed for examining rating scale functioning, item and person validity, dimensionality, and differential item functioning. Results. Item categories were ordered, but there were potential gaps in the measurement of the construct. Person reliability was fair, whereas item reliability was low. Point biserial correlations were positive, indicating that all items contributed to the construct. Factor loadings were low for two items, and there were indices of a second underlying dimension and item redundancy. Many people were not aligned with the items, and some items functioned differently across various demographic variables. Conclusion and Significance. The OBQ11-N did not function as an adequate measure of occupational balance in a sample of students. Potentially, the detected measurement problems may be solved by adding more relevant items to a larger item pool, from which the best fitting items should be selected.

• Maass, Ruca Elisa Katrin; Bonsaksen, Tore; Gramstad, Astrid; Sveen, Unni; Stigen, Linda & Arntzen, Cathrine [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Factors associated with the establishment of new occupational therapist positions in Norwegian municipalities after the Coordination reform. Health Services Insights (HSI Journal). ISSN 1178-6329. 14, s. 1–8. doi: 10.1177/1178632921994908. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Community-based occupational therapy is an increasingly important domain of work for occupational therapists. In Norway, this has been emphasized by the Coordination reform (2012), which assigned municipalities increased responsibility to protect and promote the health of their inhabitants. However, even if approximately 400 positions have been established between 2012 and 2017, little is known whether they have contributed to increased and/or more equal coverage across municipalities. To explore this matter, survey data was gathered among members of the Norwegian Occupational Therapy Association during 2017. Data was analyzed statistically (descriptive, comparative and associative) with SPSS 25. Results suggest large regional variations in the establishment of new positions. Moreover, most new positions were established in medium-sized municipalities that already had (an) occupational therapist(s) in the community. Number of prior positions, as well as being in the process of merging with another municipality were the only significant predictors for the establishment of new positions during regression analysis. Findings suggest that no levelling-out of geographical distributions of OT-coverage has occurred, even if new positions might have contributed to level-out workload (number-of-patients-per-therapist). Further, we discuss implications of our findings for policy-making and recruitment of Occupational Therapists for rural positions.

• Geirdal, Amy Østertun; Ruffolo, Mary; Leung, Janni; Thygesen, Hilde; Price, Daicia & Bonsaksen, Tore [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Mental health, quality of life, wellbeing, loneliness and use of social media in a time of social distancing during the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-country comparative study. Journal of Mental Health. ISSN 0963-8237. 30(2), s. 148–155. doi: 10.1080/09638237.2021.1875413. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background The COVID-19 outbreak raised questions about how people experience their mental health, quality of life (QoL), wellbeing and loneliness in the context of social distancing, and the use of social media during this time Aims To examine the experience of mental health, QoL, wellbeing and loneliness and use of social media among people living in Norway, USA, UK and Australia. Methods A cross-country comparative survey of people living in Norway, USA, UK and Australia. Relevant statistical analyses were used to examine differences between the countries and to explore associations between demographic, mental health and psychosocial variables and use of social media. Results There were 3810 respondents from four countries, of which 50 − 74% showed a high level of emotional distress. The Norwegian population reported significantly better mental health, QoL and wellbeing and lower levels of loneliness compared to the other countries. High-frequent use of social media after the COVID-19 outbreak was associated with poorer mental- and psychosocial health. Conclusions The results suggest that the COVID-19 outbreak took a toll on people’s experience of mental health, QoL, wellbeing and experienced loneliness, and high-frequent use of social media was associated with these factors.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Schoultz, Mariyana; Thygesen, Hilde; Ruffolo, Mary; Price, Daicia & Leung, Janni [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Loneliness and its associated factors nine months after the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-national study . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 18(6), s. 1–11. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18062841. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  COVID-19 has been a global healthcare concern impacting multiple aspects of individual and community wellness. As one moves forward with different methods to reduce the infection and mortality rates, it is critical to continue to study the impact that national and local “social distancing” policies have on the daily lives of individuals. The aim of this study was to examine loneliness in relation to risk assessment, measures taken against risks, concerns, and social media use, while adjusting for sociodemographic variables. The cross-sectional study collected data from 3474 individuals from the USA, the UK, Norway, and Australia. Loneliness was measured with the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. Multiple linear regression was used in the analysis of associations between variables. The results showed that concerns about finances were more strongly associated with social loneliness, while concerns about the future was more strongly associated with emotional loneliness. Longer daily time spent on social media was associated with higher emotional loneliness. In conclusion, pandemic-related concerns seem to affect perceptions of loneliness. While social media can be used productively to maintain relationships, and thereby prevent loneliness, excessive use may be counterproductive.

• DaLomba, Elaina; Mansur, Saji; Bonsaksen, Tore & Greer, Jan (2021). Exploring graduate occupational and physiotherapy students’ approaches to studying, self-efficacy, and positive mental health. BMC Medical Education. ISSN 1472-6920. 21. doi: 10.1186/s12909-021-02550-w. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Occupational and physical therapy academic programs are rigorous. Increased rates of student anxiety and depression may impact learning. Data on student study skills, self-efficacy, and mental health is limited. This study explored relationships between students’ self-efficacy, mental health factors, and approaches to studying. Method A cross-sectional study was designed. Seventy-three students completed the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students-Short Form, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Mental Health Continuum-Short Form. Associations between predictors (education program, general self-efficacy and mental health) and ratings on the study approach scales were analyzed with multiple linear regression. Results Multiple regression models revealed associations between higher self-efficacy and higher ratings on the deep (β = 0.49, p <  0.01) and strategic (β = 0.34, p <  0.05) scales, and lower ratings on the surface scale (β = − 0.29, p <  0.01). Compared to OT students, PT students had higher surface approach ratings (β = − 0.36, p <  0.001). Poorer mental health scores were associated with higher surface approach ratings (β = − 0.41, p < 0.001). Conclusions To support productive study strategies among occupational and physical therapy students it may be useful to promote their general self-efficacy and positive mental health.

• Breen-Franklin, Adele & Bonsaksen, Tore (2021). Associations between study approaches and exam grades among occupational therapy students in the United States. Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy (IJOT). ISSN 0791-8437. doi: 10.1108/IJOT-09-2020-0013. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose – Previous studies on the associations between approaches to studying and outcomes have been conducted largely in Europe, where participants have been largely undergraduate-level students. The purpose of this study is to examine the associations between study approaches and academic outcomes of graduate occupational therapy students in the USA. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, 120 masters- and doctoral-level occupational therapy students in their first and second study year in a large metropolitan city completed the short version of the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST). A total of 18 items from the full 52-items version comprise the short version of the ASSIST, with 6 items belonging to each of the deep, strategic and surface scales. Associations between the study approach scales and exam grades were analyzed with single and multiple logistic regression analyses. Findings – There was a direct association between the use of strategic studying and higher grade point average. Thus, students who want to perform well academically are encouraged to use study behaviors comprised by the strategic approach to studying. Originality/value – This study appears to be the first to examine associations between study approaches and academic performance among occupational therapy students in the US context. More research on the study approaches of US American students is warranted.

• Schou-Bredal, Inger; Grimholt, Tine; Bonsaksen, Tore; Skogstad, Laila; Heir, Trond & Ekeberg, Øivind (2021). Optimists' and pessimists' self-reported mental and global health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway. Health Psychology Report. ISSN 2353-4184. 9(2), s. 1–9. doi: 10.5114/hpr.2021.102394. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  background The COVID-19 pandemic represents a global health crisis. How well people cope with this situation depends on many factors, including one’s personality, such as dispositional optimism. The aim of the study was to investigate: 1) optimists’ and pessimists’ concerns during lockdown, and mental and global health; 2) whether pessimists without known risk factors more often than optimists report being at risk for COVID-19. participants and procedure A snowball sampling strategy was used; 4,527 people, 18 years or older, participated in a survey on a variety of mental health conditions and COVID-19 worries. In addition, they completed the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R). Optimism was defined by LOT-R f ≥ 17. results Fewer optimists than pessimists reported that they were worried about COVID-19, respectively 51.2% vs. 66.8%, p < .001. Among those reporting none of the known somatic risk factors, more pessimists than optimists (14.3% vs. 9.1%, p < .001) considered themselves at risk of a fatal outcome from COVID-19. Significantly fewer optimists reported that they had anxiety (5.1%), depression (3.4%), suicidal ideation (0.7%) and insomnia (19.3%) during the COVID-19 outbreak than pessimists (24.7% anxiety, 18.4% depression, 5.4% suicidal ideation, 39.8% insomnia, all p < .001). Optimists reported better global health than pessimists (87.2 vs. 84.6, p < .001). conclusions Optimists were generally less worried about the COVID-19 pandemic than pessimists and reported better mental and global health during lockdown. Pessimists more often than optimists reported being at risk for COVID-19 without reporting known risk factors. key words anxiety; COVID-19; depression; dispositional optimism; insomnia

• Ruffolo, Mary; Price, Daicia; Schoultz, Mariyana; Leung, Janni; Bonsaksen, Tore & Thygesen, Hilde [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Employment Uncertainty and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic Initial Social Distancing Implementation: A Cross-national study . Global Social Welfare: Research, Policy, & Practice. ISSN 2196-8799. s. 141–150. doi: 10.1007/s40609-020-00201-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes in the work environment and employment uncertainty. This paper reports on a cross-national comparison of four countries (Norway, UK, USA and Australia) and examines the differences in mental health between those individuals employed and those not employed during the social distancing implementation. Methods Participants (N = 3,810) were recruited through social media in April/May 2020 and were invited to complete a self-administered electronic survey over a 3-week period. Differences between those employed and those not employed with regard to their sociodemographic characteristics and mental health were investigated with chi-square tests, independent t tests, and one-way analysis of variances (ANOVAs). Results Compared with their counterparts, participants who were employed reported lower levels of mental health distress (p < 0.001), higher levels of psychosocial well-being (p < 0.001), better overall quality of life (p < 0.001), and lower levels of overall loneliness, social loneliness, and emotional loneliness (p < 0.001). Small to medium but consistent differences (Cohen’s d = 0.23–0.67) in mental health favor those with employment or those who were retired. Conclusion Further study is needed to assess mental health over time as the COVID-19 pandemic and employment uncertainty continues.

• Helgøy, Kjersti Velde; Smeby, Jens-Christian; Bonsaksen, Tore & Olsen, Nina Rydland (2020). Research-based occupational therapy education: An exploration of students’ and faculty members’ experiences and perceptions. PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. s. 1–19. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243544. Vis sammendrag

  Introduction One argument for introducing research in bachelor`s degree in health care is to ensure the quality of future health care delivery. The requirements for research-based education have increased, and research on how research-based education is experienced is limited, especially in bachelor health care education programmes. The aim of this study was to explore how occupational therapy students and faculty members experienced and perceived research-based education. Methods This qualitative, interpretative description consisted of three focus group interviews with occupational therapy students in their final year (n = 8, 6 and 4), and three focus group interviews with faculty members affiliated with occupational therapy programmes in Norway (n = 5, 2 and 5). Interviewing both students and faculty members enabled us to explore the differences in their experiences and perceptions. Results Five integrative themes emerged from the analysis: “introducing research early”, “setting higher expectations”, “ensuring competence in research methods”, “having role models” and “providing future best practice”. Research was described as an important aspect of the occupational therapy bachelor program as it helps ensure that students achieve the necessary competence for offering future best practice. Students expressed a need to be introduced to research early in the program, and they preferred to have higher expectations regarding use of research. Competence in research methods and the importance of role models were also highlighted. Conclusions Undergraduate health care students are expected to be competent in using research. Findings from our study demonstrated that the participants perceived the use of research during training as important to ensure future best practice. Increasing the focus on research in the programme’s curricula and efforts to improve students’ formal training in research-specific skills could be a starting point towards increased use of research in the occupational therapy profession.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Heir, Trond; Bredal, Inger Schou; Ekeberg, Øivind; Skogstad, Laila & Grimholt, Tine K. (2020). Post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 17(24), s. 1–10. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249210. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The COVID-19 outbreak and the sudden lockdown of society in March 2020 had a large impact on people’s daily life and gave rise to concerns for the mental health in the general population. The aim of the study was to examine post-traumatic stress reactions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of symptom-defined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and factors associated with post-traumatic stress in the Norwegian population during the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. A survey was administered via social media channels, to which a sample of 4527 adults (≥18 years) responded. Symptom-defined PTSD was measured with the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5. The items were specifically linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. We used the DSM-5 diagnostic guidelines to categorize participants as fulfilling the PTSD symptom criteria or not. Associations with PTSD were examined with single and multiple logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of symptom-defined PTSD was 12.5% for men and 19.5% for women. PTSD was associated with lower age, female gender, lack of social support, and a range of pandemic-related variables such as economic concerns, expecting economic loss, having been in quarantine or isolation, being at high risk for complications from COVID-19 infection, and having concern for family and close friends. In conclusion, post-traumatic stress reactions appear to be common in the Norwegian population in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. Concerns about finances, health, and family and friends seem to matter.

• Thordardottir, Björg; Stigen, Linda; Magne, Trine A; Johnson, Susanne Grødem; Gramstad, Astrid & Gran, Adrian Wetlesen [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Student perceptions of the learning environment in Norwegian occupational therapy education programs. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 1103-8128. doi: 10.1080/11038128.2020.1831058. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Horghagen, Sissel; Bonsaksen, Tore; Sveen, Unni; Dolva, Anne-Stine & Arntzen, Cathrine (2020). Generalist, specialist and generic positions experienced by occupational therapists in Norwegian municipalities. Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy (IJOT). ISSN 0791-8437. 48(2), s. 133–146. doi: 10.1108/IJOT-03-2020-0006. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: Reforms in the health-care system may impact how health-care professionals perceive and enact their roles. This study aims to examine the way in which occupational therapists experience and describe their roles in municipalities after the implementation of a health reform (the Coordination Act) in Norway. Design/methodology/approach: This qualitative study was designed within the perspectives of social constructivism. Data was collected through focus group interviews with 10 community-working occupational therapists. A thematic framework analysis was used to examine the participants’ experiences. Findings: The following four themes emerged: external factors that framed and shaped the occupational therapists’ roles in municipalities; the strengths and dilemmas of the generalist; the problematic generic position and the strengths; and dilemmas of the specialist. Originality/value: The study suggests that occupational therapy practitioners should identify new opportunities and adapt to health reform changes. They also need to renegotiate their roles as the health reforms require more specialized competences. Greater emphasis must be placed on the core knowledge and competences of occupational therapists to strengthen their professional identity in the municipalities.

• Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Mørk, Gry; Åsli, Lene Angel; Gramstad, Astrid; Stigen, Linda & Magne, Trine A [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Student characteristics associated with dominant approaches to studying: Comparing a national and an international sample . Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 1103-8128. doi: 10.1080/11038128.2020.1831056. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  BACKGROUND: Productive approaches to studying (deep and strategic learning) are associated with a variety of favourable academic outcomes, and may be of particular importance for students in multifaceted and complex disciplines such as occupational therapy. AIM: To explore associations between student characteristics and their dominant approaches to studying in two samples of occupational therapy students: a national sample of Norwegian first-year students, and an international sample of students in different year cohorts (Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore and Norway). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 180 (national sample) and 665 (international sample) students were included in the study. Approaches to studying were measured with the Approaches to Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST). Data were analyzed with adjusted multinomial regression analyses. RESULTS: Age, gender and prior higher education were not associated with the dominant study approach. More time spent on independent study (international sample: OR = 1.07/1.08, p < 0.01/<0.001) and having current study program as the top priority line of education at enrolment (national sample: OR = 2.89, p < 0.05) predicted productive study approaches. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Factors such as age, gender and prior higher education seem to be of limited importance for understanding students’ dominant approaches to studying.

• Yazdani, Farzaneh; Stringer, Amy; Nobakht, Laya; Bonsaksen, Tore & Tune, Kellie (2020). Qualitative analysis of occupational therapists’ reflective notes on practicing their skills in building and maintaining therapeutic relationships. Journal of Occupational Therapy Education. ISSN 2573-1378. 4(4). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Previous research has shown that occupational therapists have increased their self-efficacy for using self intentionally in therapeutic encounters. However, experiences related to such changes have not yet been explored. The authors developed a therapeutic use-of-self training workshop to support the confidence and competence of practicing occupational therapists in using the Intentional Relationship Model and possibly enhancing their self-efficacy for therapeutic use-of-self. The purpose of the study was to explore the experiences of practicing occupational therapists in transferring learning from a training workshop focused on the therapeutic use-of-self into real world practice. Thirteen occupational therapists participated in the workshop and subsequently completed between one and four reflection notes. These notes were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis. The findings were organized into four themes: therapeutic relationship reasoning, engrained previous learning, reflection on/in action, and level of skills in conducting reflection. Reflection skills seemed to be essential for establishing and developing therapeutic relationships; practicing such skills needs to be facilitated by the work environment through emphasis on reflective practice and mentoring.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Skogstad, Laila; Grimholt, Tine Kristin; Heir, Trond; Ekeberg, Øivind & Lerdal, Anners [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Substance use in the Norwegian general population: Prevalence and associations with disease . Journal of Substance Use. ISSN 1465-9891. doi: 10.1080/14659891.2020.1784303. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• DaLomba, Elaina; Stigen, Linda; Johnson, Susanne Grødem; Mørk, Gry; Gramstad, Astrid & Magne, Trine A [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Psychometric properties and associations between subscales of a study approach measure. Nursing and Health Sciences. ISSN 1441-0745. doi: 10.1111/nhs.12750. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bredal, Inger Schou; Bonsaksen, Tore; Ekeberg, Øivind; Skogstad, Laila; Grimholt, Tine Kristin & Lerdal, Anners [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Sexual assault and the association with health, quality of life and self-efficacy in the general Norwegian population. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. ISSN 0886-2605. doi: 10.1177/0886260520926307. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Gramstad, Astrid; Åsli, Lene Angel; Johnson, Susanne Grødem; Magne, Trine A; Carstensen, Tove & Mørk, Gry [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Approaches to Studying: A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Occupational Therapy Students in Six Education Programs in Norway. The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 2168-6408. 8(2). doi: 10.15453/2168-6408.1683. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Mørk, Gry; Magne, Trine A; Carstensen, Tove; Stigen, Linda; Åsli, Lene Angel & Gramstad, Astrid [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Associations between learning environment variables and students’ approaches to studying: a cross-sectional study. BMC Medical Education. ISSN 1472-6920. 20(120), s. 1–8. doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-02033-4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Heir, Trond; Skogstad, Laila; Grimholt, Tine K.; Ekeberg, Øivind & Lerdal, Anners [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Daily use of alcohol in the Norwegian general population: Prevalence and associated factors. Drugs and alcohol today. ISSN 1745-9265. doi: 10.1108/DAT-02-2020-0010. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Aas, Maren H.; Austad, Vilde Mittet; Lindstad, Marte Ørud & Bonsaksen, Tore (2020). Occupational Balance and Quality of Life in Nursing Home Residents. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics. ISSN 0270-3181. doi: 10.1080/02703181.2020.1750530. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Thygesen, Hilde; Gramstad, Astrid; Åsli, Lene Angel; Stigen, Linda; Magne, Trine A & Carstensen, Tove [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). Associations between learning environment factors and student satisfaction among occupational therapy students. Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy (IJOT). ISSN 0791-8437. 48(2), s. 91–100. doi: 10.1108/IJOT-10-2019-0015. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose – Student satisfaction is an important indicator of educational quality in higher education institutions. Learning environment factors are assumed to play a role in determining student satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to examine the intrinsic relationships between five learning environment scales embedded within one measure; and examine the associations between each of these scales and an overall measure of education program satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – In this cross-sectional study, 175 first-year occupational therapy students in Norway completed sociodemographic information and the Course Experience Questionnaire. The data were analyzed with Pearson’s correlation coefficientr and with linear regression. Findings – All intrinsic associations between the learning environment scales were positive. In the adjusted analysis, higher education program satisfaction was significantly associated with higher scores on “clear goals and standards,” “emphasis on independence” and “good teaching.” The final model accounted for 45.0% of the outcome variance, of which the scores on the learning environment scales contributed 41.8%. Originality/value – The learning environment is vital for student satisfaction. More specifically, efforts to improve student satisfaction may include strengthening student-focused teaching, strengthening the autonomy of the students, and ensuring that the goals and standards of courses are clear and easy to understand.

• Fan, Chia-Wei; Yazdani, Farzaneh; Carstensen, Tove & Bonsaksen, Tore (2020). Rasch analysis of the Self-Efficacy for Therapeutic Use of Self questionnaire in Norwegian occupational therapy students. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 1103-8128. doi: 10.1080/11038128.2020.1726453. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Research suggested combining modern test theory with classical test theory to achieve comprehensive evaluation of an assessment tool. However, the Norwegian Self-Efficacy for Therapeutic Use of Self questionnaire has not yet been examined by the modern test theory. Aims/objective: This study aims to examine psychometric properties of the Norwegian Self-Efficacy for Therapeutic Use of Self questionnaire by using Rasch analysis. Material and methods: One hundred and eleven occupational therapy students from two universities in Norway completed the questionnaire across four time points. Rasch analysis was used to examine the appropriateness of the rating scales, unidimensionality, person response validity, item/person separation, and the Wright map. Results: The ten-point rating scale did not fully maximise the measurement potentials. Unidimensionality was confirmed except for two items. Person response validity needs further investigation. Excellent person/item separation and Wright map were found. Conclusion: This study supports the psychometric properties of the Norwegian Self-Efficacy for Therapeutic Use of Self questionnaire in assessing self-efficacy in therapeutic encounters. Further research is needed to address the misfit items and the rating scale issue. Significance: Rasch analysis showed that the Norwegian Self-Efficacy for Therapeutic Use of Self questionnaire is promising to be used as a reliable and valid tool.

• Bonsaksen, Tore & Breen-Franklin, Adele (2020). An Evaluation of the Factor Structure and Internal Consistency of the ‘Conceptions of Learning’ and ‘Preferences for Teaching’ Measures in American Occupational Therapy Students. Journal of Occupational Therapy Education. ISSN 2573-1378. 4(1), s. 1–13. doi: 10.26681/jote.2020.040104.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Brown, Ted; Lim, Hua Beng; Fong, Kenneth & Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova (2020). Associations Between Occupational Therapy Students’ Approaches to Studying and Their Academic Grade Results: A Cross-Sectional and Cross-Cultural Study. Journal of Occupational Therapy Education. ISSN 2573-1378. 4(1), s. 1–15. doi: 10.26681/jote.2020.040105.
• Fan, Chia-Wei; Carstensen, Tove; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Yazdani, Farzaneh; Ellingham, Brian & Bonsaksen, Tore (2020). Occupational therapy students’ self-efficacy for therapeutic use of self: Development and associated factors. Journal of Occupational Therapy Education. ISSN 2573-1378. 4(1), s. 1–15. doi: 10.26681/jote.2020.040103. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Occupational therapy students need to develop self-efficacy for therapeutic use of self in practice. This longitudinal study examined Norwegian occupational therapy students’ self-efficacy for therapeutic use of self over a 16-month period and investigated predictors of their end-point self-efficacy. One hundred and eleven students from two universities completed a self-efficacy questionnaire related to the use of self after a workshop, and at 3-month, 10-month, and 16-month follow-up. The students’ self-efficacy development was analyzed with linear mixed effect models, while factors associated with self-efficacy were investigated with linear regressions. The students from both universities showed a linear increase in self-efficacy for therapeutic mode use (p < 0.001), recognizing clients’ interpersonal characteristics (p < 0.001), and managing interpersonal events (p < 0.001). However, for the students from University 1 the largest increase occurred in an early phase, whereas for the students from University 2 the largest increase occurred in a late phase. Only baseline scores were associated with the end-point measure at 16-month follow-up. The study indicates that students’ self-efficacy for therapeutic use of self increased during the follow-up period and adds to the knowledge about occupational therapy students’ self-efficacy development related to understanding and managing client-therapist interactions.

• Bonsaksen, Tore; Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Skogen, Jens Christoffer & Aas, Randi Wågø (2019). Who reported having a high-strain job, low strain job, active job and passive job? The WIRUS screening study . PLOS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203. 14(12). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227336. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Ekeberg, Øivind; Skogstad, Laila; Heir, Trond; Grimholt, Tine Kristin & Lerdal, Anners [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Self-rated global health in the Norwegian general population. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. ISSN 1477-7525. 17(1). doi: 10.1186/s12955-019-1258-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Geirdal, Amy Østertun; Nerdrum, Per & Bonsaksen, Tore (2019). The transition from university to work: what happens to mental health? A longitudinal study. BMC Psychology. ISSN 2050-7283. 7(65), s. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/s40359-019-0340-x.
• Heir, Trond; Bonsaksen, Tore; Grimholt, Tine Kristin; Ekeberg, Øivind; Skogstad, Laila & Lerdal, Anners [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Serious life events and post-traumatic stress disorder in the Norwegian population. BJPsych Open. ISSN 2056-4724. 5(5), s. 1–7. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2019.62. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogen, Jens Christoffer; Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Bonsaksen, Tore; Vahtera, Jussi; Sivertsen, Børge & Aas, Randi Wågø (2019). Effort-Reward Imbalance Is Associated With Alcohol-Related Problems. WIRUS-Screening Study. Frontiers in Psychology. ISSN 1664-1078. 10. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02079. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Bonsaksen, Tore; Hashemi, Neda; Kjeken, Ingvild; Mechelen, Willem van & Aas, Randi Wågø (2019). Association between alcohol consumption and impaired work performance (presenteeism): A systematic review. BMJ Open. ISSN 2044-6055. 9:e029184(7), s. 1–15. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029184. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Dolva, Anne-Stine; Horghagen, Sissel; Sveen, Unni; Hagby, Cathrine & Arntzen, Cathrine (2019). Community-Working Occupational Therapists Serving as Fieldwork Supervisors: Characteristics and Associated Factors. The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 2168-6408. 7(3), s. 1–9. doi: 10.15453/2168-6408.1627. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  As enrollment numbers grow in occupational therapy academic programs in Norway, the need for more fieldwork placements and supervisors increases. More knowledge about factors of importance for occupational therapists’ decisions to take on the role of fieldwork supervisor may promote easier access to supervisors who are ready for the task, and it may assist in addressing the barriers for those who are not. We recruited a sample of 561 community-working occupational therapists for an electronic survey conducted in 2017. Quantitative survey responses were obtained and used in the current study. The differences between supervisors and non-supervisors were examined with independent t-tests and Chi Square tests. To assess factors associated with serving as a supervisor, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted. One hundred fifty-six participants (27.8%) had served as a fieldwork supervisor during the preceding year. The adjusted analysis showed that having a job physically located together with other occupational therapists was significantly associated with increased odds for serving as supervisor (OR:1.79, 95% CI:1.17-2.74, p < 0.01). A minority of the participants had supervised occupational therapy students during the preceding year, suggesting that community-based services are an under-used arena for occupational therapy students’ fieldwork. In a long-term perspective, providing social and organizational support for occupational therapists who might take on student supervision may increase their willingness and opportunity to do so.

• Bonsaksen, Tore & Breen-Franklin, Adele (2019). The short ASSIST scales: measurement properties in a sample of occupational therapy students in the USA. Journal of Occupational Therapy Education. ISSN 2573-1378. 3(3), s. 1–16. doi: 10.26681/jote.2019.030311. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Gramstad, Astrid; Mørk, Gry & Johnson, Susanne Grødem (2019). Perceptions of assessment in Norwegian occupational therapy students. Journal of Occupational Therapy Education. ISSN 2573-1378. 3(3), s. 1–13. doi: 10.26681/jote.2019.030302. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Dolva, Anne-Stine; Horghagen, Sissel; Sveen, Unni; Hagby, Cathrine & Arntzen, Cathrine (2019). Characteristics of community-based occupational therapy: Results of a Norwegian survey. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 1103-8128. 27(1), s. 39–46. doi: 10.1080/11038128.2019.1609085. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Ongoing changes in healthcare delivery systems in Norway increasingly require community-based services, and the changes will likely affect the working conditions and opportunities for occupational therapists. Aim: To characterize occupational therapy in community-based practice in Norway. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive survey design was applied using a questionnaire related to personal and organizational characteristics. Participants (n = 561) were recruited among community-working occupational therapists in Norway registered as members of Ergoterapeutene. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: The majority of the participants was female and had an average of 16.5 years of professional experience. They reported to spend about half of their working hours on direct work with clients. For many, work with assistive technology was a main task, accounting for approximately half their working hours. Only a small proportion worked in municipalities that had merged with others, but for a larger proportion (27%) a merger had been decided and was in preparation. Conclusion: This study established some basic information regarding Norwegian community-based occupational therapy and the municipalities where occupational therapists work. Significance: With this study serving as a baseline, we may be able to track how changes will affect community-based occupational therapy practice in the near future.

• Grimholt, Tine Kristin; Bonsaksen, Tore; Bredal, Inger Schou; Heir, Trond; Lerdal, Anners & Skogstad, Laila [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Flight anxiety reported from 1986 to 2015. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance. ISSN 2375-6314. 90(4), s. 384–388. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.5125.2019.
• Bjelland, Bente; Fagermoen, May Solveig; Lerdal, Anners & Bonsaksen, Tore (2019). Økt motivasjon for fysisk aktivitet blant personer med sykelig overvekt ett år etter deltakelse på lærings- og mestringskurs . Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 62(2), s. 40–50. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ritter, Victoria Croke & Bonsaksen, Tore (2019). Improvement in Quality of Life Following a Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Program for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. ISSN 1178-2390. 2019(12), s. 219–227. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S202827. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Heir, Trond; Ekeberg, Øivind; Grimholt, Tine Kristin; Lerdal, Anners & Skogstad, Laila [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Self-evaluated anxiety in the Norwegian population: Prevalence and associated factors. Archives of Public Health. ISSN 0778-7367. 77(10). doi: 10.1186/s13690-019-0338-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Opseth, Thea Moos; Misund, Aud R.; Geirdal, Amy Østertun; Fekete, Orsolya Reka & Nordli, Hege (2019). The de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale used with Norwegian clubhouse members: Psychometric properties and associated factors. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. ISSN 1475-7192. 22(2), s. 88–100. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Arntzen, Cathrine; Sveen, Unni; Hagby, Cathrine; Bonsaksen, Tore; Dolva, Anne-Stine & Horghagen, Sissel (2019). Community-based occupational therapy in Norway: Content, dilemmas, and priorities. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 1103-8128. doi: 10.1080/11038128.2018.1548647. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Profound changes in municipal health services, are calling for new models for community-based occupational therapy services. Objective: The aim of the study is to explore how Norwegian occupational therapists position themselves in relation to the tasks delivered. Method: Focus group interviews were conducted with ten community-based occupational therapists. Systematic text condensation was then used in the data analysis. Results: Norwegian occupational therapists description of professional practices can be constructed into four ideal types; being ‘the all-rounder’, ‘the provider of assistive device’, ‘the fire extinguisher’, or ‘the innovator’. The ideal types can help us understand more of the content and dilemmas that community-based occupational therapists encountered in their daily practice, and the priorities they make during these encounters. Conclusions and Significance: Community-based occupational therapists positioned themselves in different ways, and some of these positions were considered to be more favourable than others. The therapists struggled between ‘traditional’ occupational therapy tasks and new ways of delivering occupational therapy services. The study reveals similarities and differences between rural and urban occupational therapy practice. The ideal types can help community-based therapists to reflect on their own practice and empower them to be more in keeping with the OT’s objectives and preferences.

• Brown, Ted & Bonsaksen, Tore (2019). An examination of the structural validity of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire-Short Form (PSDQ–S) using the Rasch Measurement Model. Cogent Education. ISSN 2331-186X. 6, s. 1–28. doi: 10.1080/2331186X.2019.1571146. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bredal, Inger Schou; Bonsaksen, Tore; Heir, Trond; Skogstad, Laila; Lerdal, Anners & Grimholt, Tine Kristin [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Optimists report fewer physical and mental health conditions than pessimists in the general Norwegian population. Health Psychology Report. ISSN 2353-4184. 7(1), s. 9–18. doi: 10.5114/hpr.2019.81003. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Yazdani, Farzaneh & Bonsaksen, Tore (2019). Psychometric properties of the ‘self-efficacy for therapeutic mode use’ in a mixed sample of occupational therapists: a pilot study. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation (IJTR). ISSN 1741-1645. 26(6), s. 1–8. doi: 10.12968/ijtr.2018.0035.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Fong, Kenneth; Lim, Hua Beng & Brown, Ted (2019). Factor analysis of the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) in a cross-cultural sample of undergraduate occupational therapy students. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. ISSN 0045-0766. 66(1), s. 33–43. doi: 10.1111/1440-1630.12504.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Sveen, Unni; Dolva, Anne-Stine; Horghagen, Sissel; Thyness, Else Merete & Hagby, Cathrine [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Perceived influence on service goals among community-working occupational therapists in Norway. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health. ISSN 2150-1319. 9, s. 1–7. doi: 10.1177/2150132718813491. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Dolva, Anne-Stine; Hagby, Cathrine; Sveen, Unni; Horghagen, Sissel & Thyness, Else Merete [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Involvement in research and development projects among community-working occupational therapists in Norway. Occupational Therapy in Health Care. ISSN 0738-0577. doi: 10.1080/07380577.2018.1526434. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Uhrmann, Lisa S.; Hovengen, Ida; Wagman, Petra; Håkansson, Carita & Bonsaksen, Tore (2018). The Norwegian Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11-N) – Development and pilot study. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 1103-8128. s. 1–7. doi: 10.1080/11038128.2018.1523458.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Grimholt, Tine Kristin; Skogstad, Laila; Lerdal, Anners; Ekeberg, Øivind & Heir, Trond [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). Self-diagnosed depression in the Norwegian general population - associations with neuroticism, extraversion, optimism, and general self-efficacy . BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458. 18(1076). doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5990-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nakamura-Thomas, Hiromi; Kyougoku, Makoto & Bonsaksen, Tore (2018). Japanese community-living older adults’ perceptions and solutions regarding their physical home environments. Home Health Care Management & Practice. ISSN 1084-8223. 31(1), s. 16–22. doi: 10.1177/1084822318800697.
• Ritter, Victoria Croke; Fekete, Orsolya Reka; Nordli, Hege & Bonsaksen, Tore (2018). Measuring perceived outcomes from participating at a clubhouse for persons with mental illness: psychometric properties and associated factors. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 1103-8128. 26(3), s. 219–225. doi: 10.1080/11038128.2018.1508496. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2018). Deep, surface, or both? A study of occupational therapy students’ learning concepts. Occupational Therapy International. ISSN 0966-7903. 2018. doi: 10.1155/2018/3439815. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Carstensen, Tove; Ødegaard, Nina Bjerketveit & Bonsaksen, Tore (2018). Approaches to studying – associations with learning conceptions and preferences for teaching. Cogent Education. ISSN 2331-186X. 5(1). doi: 10.1080/2331186X.2018.1480909. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Meidert, Ursula; Bonsaksen, Tore & Scott, Patricia J. (2018). A study of measuring participation according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health with the Revised Role Checklist . Clinical Rehabilitation. ISSN 0269-2155. 32(11), s. 1530–1539. doi: 10.1177/0269215518782339.
• Uhrmann, Lisa S.; Nordli, Hege; Fekete, Orsolya Reka & Bonsaksen, Tore (2018). Perceptions of a Norwegian clubhouse among its members: A psychometric evaluation of a user satisfaction tool. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. ISSN 1475-7192. 21(2), s. 82–91.
• Ritter, Victoria Croke; Nordli, Hege; Fekete, Orsolya Reka & Bonsaksen, Tore (2018). User satisfaction and its associated factors among members of a Norwegian clubhouse for persons with mental illness. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. ISSN 1475-7192. 22(1), s. 5–14. doi: 10.37200/V22I1/8215.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2018). Role participation – a comparison across age groups in a Norwegian general population sample. Occupational Therapy International. ISSN 0966-7903. 2018, s. 1–8. doi: 10.1155/2018/8680915. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Schwank, Kathrin; Carstensen, Tove; Yazdani, Farzaneh & Bonsaksen, Tore (2018). The Course of Self-Efficacy for Therapeutic Use of Self in Norwegian Occupational Therapy Students: A 10-Month Follow-Up Study. Occupational Therapy International. ISSN 0966-7903. 2018, s. 1–5. doi: 10.1155/2018/2962747. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background. Occupational therapy students need to develop self-efficacy for managing the therapeutic relationship in practice. This study examined the 10-month trajectories of Norwegian students’ self-efficacy for use of self. Methods. Eighty-nine students completed self-efficacy questionnaires related to the use of self after a workshop and at 3- and 10-month follow-up. Changes on the three outcome measures (self-efficacy for therapeutic mode use, for recognizing clients’ interpersonal characteristics, and for managing interpersonal events) were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA. Results. Across the follow-up period, the students improved their self-efficacy for therapeutic mode use (partial = 0.44, ), for recognizing clients’ interpersonal characteristics (partial = 0.81, ), and for managing interpersonal events (partial , ). Conclusion. The increased self-efficacy for use of self that was found at 3-month follow-up was maintained at 10-month follow-up. The results indicate that students may experience a boost in self-efficacy for therapeutic use of self after a brief workshop and that these changes can be sustained over time.

• Bonsaksen, Tore (2018). Factors associated with occupational therapy students’ preferences for courses and teaching. Cogent Education. ISSN 2331-186X. 5. doi: 10.1080/2331186X.2018.1431426.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Yazdani, Farzaneh; Ellingham, Brian & Carstensen, Tove (2018). Psychometric properties of the Norwegian self-efficacy for managing interpersonal events (N-SEMIE) . Ergoscience. ISSN 1861-6348. 13(3), s. 111–117. doi: 10.2443/skv-s-2018-54020180303. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Yazdani, Farzaneh (2018). The Norwegian Occupational Wholeness Questionnaire (N-OWQ): Scale development and psychometric properties. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 1103-8128. s. 1–10. doi: 10.1080/11038128.2018.1426783.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Lerdal, Anners; Heir, Trond; Ekeberg, Øivind; Skogstad, Laila & Grimholt, Tine Kristin [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2018). General self-efficacy in the Norwegian population: Differences and similarities between sociodemographic groups. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. ISSN 1403-4948. doi: 10.1177/1403494818756701.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Nordli, Hege & Fekete, Orsolya Reka (2018). Ønsker om jobb og utdanning blant medlemmer av et klubbhus for personer med psykisk sykdom. Tidsskrift for psykisk helsearbeid. ISSN 1503-6707. 15(2-3), s. 170–179. doi: 10.18261/issn.1504-3010-2018-02-03-08.
• Hussain, Ratna; Carstensen, Tove; Yazdani, Farzaneh; Ellingham, Brian & Bonsaksen, Tore (2018). Short-term changes in occupational therapy students’ self-efficacy for therapeutic use of self. British Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 0308-0226. 81(5), s. 276–284. doi: 10.1177/0308022617745007. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Nordli, Hege; Fekete, Orsolya Reka & Bonsaksen, Tore (2018). Systematisk måling av brukererfaringer blant medlemmer på klubbhus for psykososial rehabilitering. En psykometrisk vurdering. Tidsskrift for omsorgsforskning. ISSN 2387-5976. 4(1), s. 50–61. doi: 10.18261/issn.2387-5984-2018-01-07. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Sveen, Unni; Kjeken, Ingvild; Aas, Randi Wågø & Lund, Anne (2018). Grade correspondence between internal and external examiners of occupational therapy students’ bachelor theses. UNIPED. ISSN 1500-4538. 41(3), s. 319–330. doi: 10.18261/issn.1893-8981-2018-03-11. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2018). Age, gender, and approaches to studying predict academic performance among Norwegian occupational therapy students. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 61(2), s. 36–43.
• Carstensen, Tove & Bonsaksen, Tore (2018). Factors Associated with Therapeutic Approaches Among Norwegian Occupational Therapists: An Exploratory Study. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health. ISSN 0164-212X. 34(1), s. 75–85. doi: 10.1080/0164212X.2017.1383220. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Yazdani, Farzaneh (2018). Sociodemographic factors associated with the Norwegian occupational wholeness questionnaire scales. Ergoscience. ISSN 1861-6348. 13(1). doi: 10.2443/skv-s-2018-54020180103.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2018). Psychometric properties of the short ASSIST scales. UNIPED. ISSN 1500-4538. 41(2), s. 164–181. doi: 10.18261/ISSN.1893-8981-2018-02-07. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ritter, Victoria Croke; Yazdani, Farzaneh; Carstensen, Tove; Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus & Bonsaksen, Tore (2018). Psychometric Properties of an Instrument Derived from the Intentional Relationship Model: the Self-Efficacy for Recognizing Clients’ Interpersonal Characteristics (N-SERIC). The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 2168-6408. 6(2), s. 1–8. doi: 10.15453/2168-6408.1423. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Ellingham, Brian & Carstensen, Tove (2018). Factors Associated With Academic Performance Among Second-Year Undergraduate Occupational Therapy Students. The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 2168-6408. 6(1), s. 1–8. doi: 10.15453/2168-6408.1403. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Opseth, Thea Moos; Carstensen, Tove; Yazdani, Farzaneh; Ellingham, Brian; Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus & Bonsaksen, Tore (2017). Self-efficacy for therapeutic mode use among occupational therapy students in Norway. Cogent Education. ISSN 2331-186X. 4:1406630, s. 1–9. doi: 10.1080/2331186X.2017.1406630. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bredal, Inger Schou; Heir, Trond; Skogstad, Laila; Bonsaksen, Tore; Lerdal, Anners & Grimholt, Tine Kristin [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Population-based norms of the Life Orientation Test–Revised (LOT-R). International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology. ISSN 1697-2600. 17(3), s. 216–224. doi: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.07.005. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ritter, Victoria Croke; Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Yazdani, Farzaneh & Bonsaksen, Tore (2017). Further Validation of the Norwegian Self-Efficacy for Therapeutic Mode Use. Occupational Therapy International. ISSN 0966-7903. s. 1–5. doi: 10.1155/2017/9745373.
• Opseth, Thea M.; Carstensen, Tove & Bonsaksen, Tore (2017). Job satisfaction, interest and control among Norwegian occupational therapists. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 60(5), s. 44–52.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Torgrimsen, Silje (2017). Den terapeutiske relasjonen i ergoterapi – teori, praksis og forskning. I Geirdal, Amy Østertun & Varvin, Sverre (Red.), Relasjoner i psykisk helsearbeid. Universitetsforlaget. ISSN 9788215027906. s. 141–156.
• Lerdal, Anners; Gay, Caryl; Bonsaksen, Tore & Fagermoen, May Solveig (2017). Predictors of physical and mental health in persons with morbid obesity attending a patient education course - a two-year follow-up study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. ISSN 1477-7525. 15(1). doi: 10.1186/s12955-017-0675-z. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Brown, Ted; Lim, Hua Beng & Fong, Kenneth (2017). Approaches to studying predict academic performance in undergraduate occupational therapy students: a cross-cultural study. BMC Medical Education. ISSN 1472-6920. 17(76), s. 1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12909-017-0914-3.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Carstensen, Tove (2017). Psychometric properties of the Norwegian self-efficacy for therapeutic mode use (N-SETMU). Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 1103-8128. 25(6), s. 475–480. doi: 10.1080/11038128.2017.1316421. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus (2017). Psychometric properties of two interrelated measures: «Conceptions of learning» and «Preferences for different types of courses and teaching”. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 60(4), s. 32–44.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Sadeghi, Talieh & Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus (2017). Associations between self-esteem, general self-efficacy and approaches to studying in occupational therapy students: A cross-sectional study. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health. ISSN 0164-212X. 33(4), s. 326–341. doi: 10.1080/0164212X.2017.1295006.
• Carstensen, Tove & Bonsaksen, Tore (2017). Differences and similarities in therapeutic mode use between occupational therapists and occupational therapy students in Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 1103-8128. 24(6), s. 448–454. doi: 10.1080/11038128.2016.1261940. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus & Sadeghi, Talieh (2017). Occupational therapy students in Norway: Do their approaches to studying vary by year in the program? The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 2168-6408. 5(4), s. 1–12. doi: 10.15453/2168-6408.1339.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Donohue, Mary V. (2017). Are individual student characteristics and -performance associated with group-level functioning in educational groups? An exploratory study. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 60(2), s. 40–49.
• Brown, Ted; Fong, Kenneth; Bonsaksen, Tore; Tan, Hwei-Lan; Murdolo, Yuki & Cruz-Gonzales, Pablo [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Approaches to learning among occupational therapy undergraduate students: A cross-cultural study. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 1103-8128. 24(4), s. 299–310. doi: 10.1080/11038128.2016.1229811.
• Yazdani, Farzaneh; Carstensen, Tove & Bonsaksen, Tore (2016). Therapeutic mode preferences and associated factors among Norwegian undergraduate occupational therapy students: A cross-sectional exploratory study. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 1103-8128. 24(2), s. 136–142. doi: 10.1080/11038128.2016.1220620. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Lerdal, Anners; Småstuen, Milada C & Fagermoen, May Solveig (2016). Differences and similarities in the trajectories of self-esteem and positive and negative affect in persons with chronic illness: An explorative longitudinal study. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. ISSN 1178-2390. 9, s. 355–363. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S108891. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Donohue, Mary V. & Milligan, Robert Malcolm (2016). Occupational therapy students rating the Social Profile of their educational group: Do they agree? Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 1103-8128. 23(6), s. 477–484. doi: 10.1080/11038128.2016.1187203.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Fouad, Maria; Celo, Cecilia & Nakamura-Thomas, Hiromi (2016). Occupational therapy students rating with the N-ACIS: Do they agree? Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 59(3), s. 28–36.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Fagermoen, May Solveig & Lerdal, Anners (2016). Trajectories of physical and mental health among people with morbid obesity and people with COPD: A longitudinal comparative study. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. ISSN 1178-2390. 9, s. 191–200. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S102630. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Fouad, Maria; Skarpaas, Lisebet Skeie; Nordli, Hege; Fekete, Orsolya Reka & Stimo, Torhild (2016). Characteristics of Norwegian clubhouse members and factors associated with their participation in work and education. British Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 0308-0226. 79(11), s. 669–676. doi: 10.1177/0308022616639977.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2016). Predictors of academic performance and education programme satisfaction in occupational therapy students. British Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 0308-0226. 79(6), s. 361–367. doi: 10.1177/0308022615627174. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Kvarsnes, Hildegunn & Dahl, Mona (2016). Who wants to go to occupational therapy school? Characteristics of Norwegian occupational therapy students. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 1103-8128. 23(4), s. 297–303. doi: 10.3109/11038128.2015.1105293. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Kvarsnes, Hildegunn; Eirum, Mari Nesset; Torgrimsen, Silje & Hussain, Ratna (2016). Development and content validity of the Norwegian Self-Assessment of Modes Questionnaire (N-SAMQ). Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 1103-8128. 23(4), s. 253–259. doi: 10.3109/11038128.2015.1091896. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Kvarsnes, Hildegunn (2016). Role Performance and Role Valuation Among Occupational Therapy Students in Norway. The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 2168-6408. 4(1). doi: 10.15453/2168-6408.1180. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Horghagen, Sissel; Bonsaksen, Tore; Dolva, Anne-Stine; Hagby, Cathrine; Solbakken, Alf Inge & Sveen, Unni [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). På vei inn i en kunnskapsbasert praksis Ergoterapeuters begrunnelser for bruk eller ikke bruk av vurderingsredskaper. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 58(6), s. 48–59. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2015). Predictors of General Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem in Occupational Therapy Students: A Cross-Sectional Study . Occupational Therapy in Mental Health. ISSN 0164-212X. 31(3), s. 298–310. doi: 10.1080/0164212X.2015.1055536. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Eirum, Mari Nesset & Donohue, Mary V. (2015). The Social Profiles of Occupational Therapy Students’ Educational Groups. The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 2168-6408. 3(3). doi: 10.15453/2168-6408.1162. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Meidert, Ursula; Schuman, Deana; Kvarsnes, Hildegunn; Haglund, Lena & Prior, Susan [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Does the Role Checklist Measure Occupational Participation? The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 2168-6408. 3(3). doi: 10.15453/2168-6408.1175. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Geirdal, Amy Østertun; Nerdrum, Per; Aasgaard, Trygve; Misund, Aud R. & Bonsaksen, Tore (2015). The Norwegian version of the scale to assess the therapeutic relationship (N‑STAR) in community mental health care: Development and pilot study. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation (IJTR). ISSN 1741-1645. 22(5), s. 217–224. doi: 10.12968/ijtr.2015.22.5.217. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Lund, Anne; Ellingham, Brian; Hussain, Ratna; Meier, Margrit R & Sveen, Unni (2015). Norsk oversettelse og tilpasning av Occupational Questionnaire: Kartlegging av Dine Aktiviteter (KDA). Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 58(2), s. 50–58. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Fagermoen, May Solveig & Lerdal, Anners (2015). Factors associated with self-esteem in persons with morbid obesity and in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A cross-sectional study. Psychology, Health & Medicine. ISSN 1354-8506. 20(4), s. 431–442. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2014.959529. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sporild, Inger Anne & Bonsaksen, Tore (2014). Therapeutic factors in expressive art therapy for Persons with eating disorders. Groupwork. ISSN 0951-824X. 24(3), s. 46–60. doi: 10.1921/10201240104.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2014). Fysisk aktivitet. I Goth, Ursula-Georgine Småland (Red.), Folkehelse i et norsk perspektiv. Gyldendal Akademisk. ISSN 9788205463950. s. 118–135.
• Lerdal, Anners; Fagermoen, May Solveig; Bonsaksen, Tore; Gay, Caryl & Kottorp, Anders (2014). Rasch analysis of the Sense of Coherence scale in a sample of people with morbid obesity - A cross-sectional study. BMC Psychology. ISSN 2050-7283. 2(1). doi: 10.1186/2050-7283-2-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Fagermoen, May Solveig & Lerdal, Anners (2014). Trajectories of self-efficacy in persons with chronic illness: An explorative longitudinal study. Psychology and Health. ISSN 0887-0446. 29(3), s. 350–364. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2013.856432. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Celo, Cecilia; Myraunet, Ingunn; Granå, Kjell Emil & Ellingham, Brian (2013). Promoting academic-practice partnerships through students’ practice placement. British Journal of Therapy & Rehabilitation (BJTR). ISSN 1354-8581. 20(1), s. 33–39. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Borge, Finn Magnus & Hoffart, Asle (2013). Group Climate as Predictor of Short- and Long-Term Outcome In Group Therapy for Social Phobia. International journal of group psychotherapy. ISSN 0020-7284. 63(3), s. 394–417. doi: 10.1521/ijgp.2013.63.3.394.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Kottorp, Anders; Gay, Caryl; Fagermoen, May Solveig & Lerdal, Anners (2013). Rasch analysis of the General Self-Efficacy Scale in a sample of persons with morbid obesity. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. ISSN 1477-7525. 11(202). doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-11-202. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Haukeland-Parker, Stacey; Lerdal, Anners & Fagermoen, May Solveig (2013). A 1-year follow-up study exploring the associations between perception of illness and health-related quality of life in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. ISSN 1176-9106. 9, s. 41–50. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S52700. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2013). Self-reported therapeutic style in occupational therapy students. British Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 0308-0226. 76(11), s. 496–502. doi: 10.4276/030802213X13833255804595. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Lerdal, Anners & Fagermoen, May Solveig (2013). Trajectories of illness perceptions in persons with chronic illness: An explorative longitudinal study. Journal of Health Psychology. ISSN 1359-1053. 20(7), s. 942–953. doi: 10.1177/1359105313504235. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2013). Changes during hospital treatment in patients with SMI. British Journal of Mental Health Nursing. ISSN 2049-5919. 2(3), s. 162–170. doi: 10.12968/bjmh.2013.2.3.162.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Granå, Kjell Emil; Celo, Cecilia; Ellingham, Brian & Myraunet, Ingunn (2013). A practice placement design facilitating occupational therapy students' learning. Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice. ISSN 1755-6228. 8(4), s. 169–180. doi: 10.1108/JMHTEP-08-2012-0028. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Lerdal, Anners & Fagermoen, May Solveig (2012). Factors associated with self-efficacy in persons with chronic illness. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. ISSN 0036-5564. 53(4), s. 333–339. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2012.00959.x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2012). Exploring Gender Differences in Quality of Life. Mental Health Review Journal. ISSN 1361-9322. 17(1), s. 39–49. doi: 10.1108/13619321211231815. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Lerdal, Anners (2012). Relationships between physical activity, symptoms and quality of life among inpatients with severe mental illness. British Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 0308-0226. 75(2), s. 69–75. doi: 10.4276/030802212X13286281651036.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Myraunet, Ingunn; Celo, Cecilia; Granå, Kjell Emil & Ellingham, Brian (2011). Experiences of occupational therapists and occupational therapy students in using the Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills in mental health settings in Norway. British Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 0308-0226. 74(7), s. 332–338. doi: 10.4276/030802211X13099513661117. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Lerdal, Anners; Andenæs, Randi; Bjørnsborg, Eva; Bonsaksen, Tore; Borge, Lisbet & Christiansen, Bjørg [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2011). Personal factors associated with health-related quality of life in persons with morbid obesity on treatment waiting lists in Norway. Quality of Life Research. ISSN 0962-9343. 20(8), s. 1187–1196. doi: 10.1007/s11136-011-9865-z. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose To explore relationships of socio-demographic variables, health behaviours, environmental characteristics and personal factors, with physical and mental health variables in persons with morbid obesity, and to compare their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores with scores from the general population. Methods A cross-sectional correlation study design was used. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaire from adult patients within the first 2 days of commencement of a mandatory educational course. Of 185 course attendees, 142 (76.8%) volunteered to participate in the study. Valid responses on all items were recorded for 128 participants. HRQoL was measured with the Short Form 12v2 from which physical (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores were computed. Other standardized instruments measured regular physical activity, social support, self-esteem, sense of coherence, self-efficacy and coping style. Results Respondents scored lower on all the HRQoL subdomains compared with norms. Linear regression analyses showed that personal factors that included self-esteem, self-efficacy, sense of coherence and coping style explained 3.6% of the variance in PCS scores and 41.6% in MCS scores. Conclusion Personal factors such as self-esteem, sense of coherence and a high approaching coping style are strongly related to mental health in obese persons.

• Bonsaksen, Tore (2011). Participation in Physical Activity among Inpatients with Severe Mental Illness: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation (IJTR). ISSN 1741-1645. 18(2), s. 91–99. doi: 10.12968/ijtr.2011.18.2.91.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Lerdal, Anners; Borge, Finn Magnus; Sexton, Hal & Hoffart, Asle (2011). Group climate development in cognitive and interpersonal group therapy for social phobia. Group Dynamics. ISSN 1089-2699. 15(1), s. 32–48. doi: 10.1037/a0020257. Vis sammendrag

  This study was designed as a longitudinal study of 80 participants in cognitive group therapy (RCT, n=40) and interpersonal group therapy (RIPT, n=40) for social phobia during 10 weeks of residential therapy. The aim was to investigate the patterns of group climate development and its impact on treatment outcome. Data were collected using MacKenzie`s Group Climate Quesionnaire (GCQ) 4 times during treatment, and a multilevel (mixed) model approach was used in the analyses. Engagement in RCT groups showed a linear increase during treatment in contrast to a linear decline among patients in RIPT groups. The divergence might be explained by the focus on extragroup and intragroup relationships in RCT and RIPT, respectively. Neither conflict nor avoidance followed the expected pattern, nor did their mean levels influence outcome. However, when 6 extreme values of conflict were removed, there was support for a low-high-low pattern of conflict. In general, these results do not support MacKenzie`s generic model group climate development but suggest that sample characteristics, treatment models, and setting can play major roles in determining the group climate. Of the group climate variables, only the mean level of engagement predicted a change in social anxiety over the course of treatment.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Bonsaksen, Tore & Ellingham, Brian (2017). Klinisk resonnering i ergoterapi. Mankoni Media. ISBN 978-82-690588-2-6. 125 s.

Se alle arbeider i Cristin

• Mechraoui, Oumaima; Jelleli, Hilmi; Fekih-Romdhane, Feten; Rebhi, Mahmood; Saidane, Mouna & Guelmami, Noomen [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). The relationship between nomophobia and psychological distress in Tunisian students: The moderating effect of physical activity. Tunisian Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 1(1), s. 24–35. doi: 10.61838/kman.tjssm.1.1.4.
• Steigen, Anne Mari; Bonsaksen, Tore; Granrud, Marie Dahlen; Dangmann, Cecilie Ruud & Stea, Tonje Holte (2023). Time trends in sexual harassment exposure among adolescents in Norway between 2017 and 2021.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Steigen, Anne Mari; Stea, Tonje Holte; Kleppang, Annette Løvheim; Lien, Lars & Leonhardt, Marja (2023). Negative social media experiences and lower self-efficacy are associated with depressive symptoms.
• Mørk, Gry; Gramstad, Astrid; Åsli, Lene Angel; Stigen, Linda; Johnson, Susanne Grødem & Magne, Trine A [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Approaches to studying: Changes during a three-year undergraduate study program.
• Mørk, Gry; Stigen, Linda; Gramstad, Astrid; Magne, Trine A; Carstensen, Tove & Bonsaksen, Tore (2023). Stable and unstable associations between learning environment factors and study approaches .
• Mørk, Gry; Bonsaksen, Tore & Lie, Silje Stangeland (2023). Opplevelser og nytteverdi av VR- teknologi i utdanningen .
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Breen-Franklin, Adele (2023). Intrinsic relationships between learning conceptions, preferences for teaching and study approaches.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Gramstad, Astrid; Stigen, Linda; Magne, Trine A; Carstensen, Tove & Mygland, Jenny Solveig [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Learning environment, study approaches and student performance: repeated cross-sectional analyses of associations.
• DaLomba, Elaina; Bonsaksen, Tore & Mary Jan, Greer (2023). Study, self-efficacy, and mental health changes in students during COVID-19.
• Edvardsen, Even Elias; Stigen, Linda; Hustoft, Merethe; Gramstad, Astrid; Arntzen, Cathrine & Maass, Ruca Elisa Katrin [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Organisatoriske faktorer påvirker kapasitet og kvalitet i praksisveiledning i ergoterapiutdanning.
• Edvardsen, Even Elias; Dalseth, Eline Fjærestad; Johnson, Susanne Grødem; Stigen, Linda; Mørk, Gry & Magne, Trine A. [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Studenters læringspreferanser over en tre års bachelorutdanning i ergoterapi – er de stabile eller ikke?
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Redzovic, Skender Elez (2023). Student­motivasjon handler om mer enn student­styrte problem­stillinger. Khrono.no. ISSN 1894-8995.
• Maass, Ruca Elisa Katrin; Arntzen, Cathrine; Horghagen, Sissel; Bonsaksen, Tore; Edvardsen, Even Elias & Sveen, Unni [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). Kunnskapsbehov for fremtidens kommuneergoterapi: oppsummering av workshop ved fagkongress Stavanger 2022. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 66(3), s. 20–26.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2023). Utdanning for bærekraft - måter å tenke om ergoterapiutdanningenes bidrag til bærekraftige helsetjenester.
• Jentoft, Rita; Horghagen, Sissel; Fløtten, Heidi E. & Bonsaksen, Tore (2022). RETHOS - Hvordan sikre ergoterapeuters fremtidsrettede kompetanse?
• Horghagen, Sissel; Bonsaksen, Tore; Sveen, Unni & Arntzen, Cathrine (2022). WFOT: Dilemmas experienced by occupational therapists in community health services.
• Leonhardt, Marja; Granrud, Marie Dahlen; Bonsaksen, Tore & Lien, Lars (2022). Worries about climate change in Norwegian adolescents.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Hashemi, Neda; Gimeno Ruiz de Porras, David & Aas, Randi Wågø (2022). Correction: Do health professionals’ attitudes towards alcohol use matter for alcohol prevention efforts? Results from the WIRUS-OHS study (BMC Health Services Research, (2022), 22, 1, (1004), 10.1186/s12913-022-08400-9). BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 22(1). doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08533-x.
• Aas Torland, Emilie; Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Bonsaksen, Tore; Karlstad, Cecilie & Aas, Randi Wågø (2022). Ungdoms deltagelsesutfordringer - ergoterapeuters utvidede rolle i skolehelsetjenesten? Resultater fra INSchool-project.
• Arntzen, Cathrine; Sveen, Unni; Bonsaksen, Tore & Horghagen, Sissel (2022). Innhold, dilemmaer og prioriteringer i kommuneergoterapipraksis.
• Magne, Trine A; Bonsaksen, Tore & Carstensen, Tove (2022). Do the students' have all the answers? -a qualitative study of students' experience of learning environment.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Magne, Trine A; Stigen, Linda; Gramstad, Astrid; Åsli, Lene Angel & Mørk, Gry [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Eksamensprestasjoner blant ergoterapistudenter - sammenhenger med læringsmiljø og studietilnærminger.
• Stigen, Linda; Mørk, Gry; Carstensen, Tove; Magne, Trine A; Gramstad, Astrid & Johnson, Susanne Grødem [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Oppfatninger av læringsmiljøet blant ergoterapistudenter- endringer i løpet av det treårige bachelorprogrammet.
• Stigen, Linda; Sveen, Unni; Arntzen, Cathrine; Bonsaksen, Tore; Maass, Ruca Elisa Katrin & Horghagen, Sissel [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). What does the research tell us about occupational therapy services in primary health care in the Nordic countries?
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Magne, Trine A; Stigen, Linda; Gramstad, Astrid; Åsli, Lene Angell & Mørk, Gry [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Associations between occupational therapy students’ academic performance and their study approaches and perceptions of the learning environment .
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Dolva, Anne-Stine; Hagby, Cathrine; Sveen, Unni; Horghagen, Sissel & Thyness, Else Merete [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Involvement in research and development projects among community-working occupational therapists in Norway.
• DaLomba, Elaina; Mansur, Saji; Bonsaksen, Tore & greer, Mary Jan (2022). Exploring student approaches to studying, general self-efficacy, and positive mental health factors and potential implications for teaching, learning, and learner support.
• Lie, Silje Stangeland; Helle, Nikolina; Sletteland, Nina Vahl; Bonsaksen, Tore & Vikman, Miriam Dubland (2022). Implementation of Virtual Reality in Health Professional Higher Education: Protocol for a Scoping Review. JMIR Research Protocols. ISSN 1929-0748. 11(7). doi: 10.2196/37222. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Morttjernet, Hanne; Kajsa Annika Borg, Diesen & Bonsaksen, Tore (2022). Ansatte i helsehus må ha kompetanse i psykisk helsearbeid. Tidsskriftet sykepleien. ISSN 0806-7511. 110(87808), s. e-87808–e-87808.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Mørk, Gry; Magne, Trine A; Carstensen, Tove; Stigen, Linda & Johnson, Susanne Grødem [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Læringsmiljøstudien ved ergoterapeututdanningene 2017-2020: oppsummering av foreløpige resultater. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 64(1), s. 22–29.
• Leung, Janni; Schoultz, Mariyana; Chiu, Vivian; Bonsaksen, Tore; Ruffolo, Mary & Thygesen, Hilde [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Concerns over the Spread of Misinformation and Fake News on Social Media — Challenges Amid the Coronavirus Pandemic. Medical Sciences Forum. ISSN 2673-9992. 4(1). doi: 10.3390/ECERPH-3-09078.
• Aas, Randi Wågø; Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Sagvaag, Hildegunn; Skogen, Jens Christoffer; Bonsaksen, Tore & Skarpaas, Lisebet Skeie (2021). WIRUS-prosjektet. Hva fant vi ut? #alkoholbruk #sykefravær #sykenærvær.
• Mørk, Gry; Magne, Trine A; Carstensen, Tove; Stigen, Linda; Johnson, Susanne Grødem & Bonsaksen, Tore (2021). Associations between learning environment variables and students' approaches to studying: A cross-sectional study.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Brown, Ted; Lim, Hua Beng; Fong, Kenneth & Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova (2021). Associations between occupational therapy students’ approaches to studying and their academic grade results: A cross-cultural study.
• Gramstad, Astrid; Åsli, Lene Angel; Johnson, Susanne Grødem; Magne, Trine A; Carstensen, Tove & Mørk, Gry [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Do approaches to studying differ between students at different educational programs?
• Thordardottir, Björg; Stigen, Linda; Magne, Trine A; Johnson, Susanne Grødem; Gramstad, Astrid & Gran, Adrian W. [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Student perceptions of the learning environment in Norwegian Occupational therapy education programs.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2021). Det er ikke flere som drikker hver dag under pandemien. [Internett]. Forskning.no.
• DaLomba, Elaina; Gramstad, Astrid; Johnson, Susanne Grødem; Carstensen, Tove; Stigen, Linda & Mørk, Gry [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Replication Data for: Predictors of students’ participation in a learning environment survey with annual follow-ups.
• Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Aas, Randi Wågø; Sagvaag, Hildegunn; Skogen, Jens Christoffer; Hashemi, Neda & Kjeken, Ingvild [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). WIRUS-prosjektet: Risikodrikking, alkoholrelatert sykenærvær og alkoholforebygging i regi av bedriftshelsetjenesten.
• Horghagen, Sissel; Bonsaksen, Tore; Sveen, Unni; Dolva, Anne-Stine & Arntzen, Cathrine (2021). Erfaringer med ulike rolleforståelser og -praksiser blant ergoterapeuter i kommunehelsetjenesten; generalist, spesialist eller generisk rolle? Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 64(1), s. 38–41.
• Leung, Janni; Schoultz, Mariyana; Chiu, Vivian; Bonsaksen, Tore; Ruffolo, Mary & Thygesen, Hilde [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Concerns over the Spread of Misinformation and Fake News on Social Media–challenges Amid the Coronavirus Pandemic.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2021). Intervju. [Radio]. NRK Innlandet.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2021). Flere nordmenn fikk PTSD-symptomer etter pandemien rammet landet. [Internett]. https://forskning.no/.
• Stigen, Linda; Arntzen, Cathrine; Horghagen, Sissel; Sveen, Unni; Gramstad, Astrid & Bonsaksen, Tore (2021). Kjennetegn, styrker og utfordringer ved norske kommuneergoterapeuters praksis . Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 64(2), s. 28–37.
• Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Bonsaksen, Tore; Hashemi, Neda; Kjeken, Ingvild; Mechelen, Willem van & Aas, Randi Wågø (2020). Ansatte som drikker mye alkohol kan ha redusert arbeidsevne på jobb. uis.no.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Skogen, Jens Christoffer & Aas, Randi Wågø (2020). Hvem opplever at de har de mest stressende jobbene? uis.no.
• Fan, Chia-Wei; Yazdani, Farzaneh; Carstensen, Tove & Bonsaksen, Tore (2020). Psychometric Properties of the Self-Efficacy for Therapeutic Use of Self Questionnaire. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 0272-9490. 74. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2020.74S1-PO8030.
• Jentoft, Rita; Bonsaksen, Tore; Horghagen, Sissel; Fløtten, Heidi E.; Osen, David W. & Kjølstad, Eva S. [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2020). RETHOS - utdanning av framtidens ergoterapeuter. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 63(4), s. 20–30.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Carstensen, Tove (2020). Terapeutisk samhandling blant ergoterapeuter og ergoterapistudenter - funn fra to norske prosjekter. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 63(2), s. 20–28.
• Morttjernet, Hanne; Borg Diesen, Annika; Olsen, Cecilie Fromholt; Elin, Berven; Ellingham, Brian & Bonsaksen, Tore (2019). Tverrprofesjonelt samhandlingsprosjekt - Kropp og sjel!
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Gramstad, Astrid; Mørk, Gry; Johnson, Susanne Grødem & Magne, Trine A (2019). Perceptions of assessment in Norwegian occupational therapy students.
• Asbjørnslett, Mona; Bull, Helen; Mørk, Gry; Gramstad, Astrid; Carstensen, Tove & Bonsaksen, Tore (2019). New modules - new shocks. Experiences and perspectives of Learning. .
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Dolva, Anne-Stine; Horghagen, Sissel; Sveen, Unni; Hagby, Cathrine & Arntzen, Cathrine (2019). Praksisveiledning av studenter blant ergoterapeuter i kommunehelsetjenesten. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 62(5), s. 48–49.
• Arntzen, Cathrine; Sveen, Unni; Hagby, Cathrine; Bonsaksen, Tore; Dolva, Anne-Stine & Horghagen, Sissel (2019). Kommuneergoterapi: innhold, dilemmaer og prioriteringer. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 62(5), s. 50–51.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Dolva, Anne-Stine; Horghagen, Sissel; Sveen, Unni; Hagby, Cathrine & Arntzen, Cathrine (2019). Kjennetegn ved ergoterapeuters praksis i kommunehelsetjenesten. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 62(4), s. 48–49.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Dolva, Anne-Stine; Hagby, Cathrine; Sveen, Unni; Horghagen, Sissel & Thyness, Else Merete [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Deltakelse i forskning og utviklingsarbeid blant ergoterapeuter i kommunehelsetjenesten. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 62(3), s. 56–57.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Sveen, Unni; Dolva, Anne-Stine; Horghagen, Sissel; Thyness, Else Merete & Hagby, Cathrine [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2019). Ergoterapeuter i norske kommuner: I hvilken grad opplever de å påvirke kommunens målsettinger? Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 62(1), s. 48–49.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2019). #IncreaseImpact: Added value for your published article. British Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 0308-0226. 82(6), s. 323–325. doi: 10.1177/0308022619825806.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Uhrmann, Lisa S.; Hovengen, Ida & Kvarsnes, Hildegunn (2018). Aktivitetsbalanse.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Brown, Ted; Lim, Hua Beng & Fong, Kenneth (2018). Approaches to studying predict academic performance in undergraduate occupational therapy students: a cross-cultural study.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Carstensen, Tove (2018). Differences and similarities in therapeutic mode use between occupational therapists and occupational therapy students in Norway.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Fagermoen, May Solveig; Småstuen, Milada C & Lerdal, Anners (2018). Selvfølelse og positive og negative følelser etter pasientopplæring. BestPractice. Lungemedisin. 8(2), s. 18–21.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Sandberg, Trine Marie; Söreskog, Mikaela & Ellingham, Brian (2018). Aktivitet - ergoterapeuters sentrale bidrag til miljøterapi. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 61(1), s. 82–91.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Fekete, Orsolya Reka & Nordli, Hege (2018). Tilfredshet med å delta på et klubbhus for personer med psykisk sykdom. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 61(1), s. 48–53.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Ellingham, Brian (2017). Bruk av deg selv i terapi, del III (N-SEMIE).
• Arntzen, Cathrine; Bonsaksen, Tore; Sveen, Unni; Hagby, Cathrine; Dolva, Anne-Stine & Horghagen, Sissel [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). KE prosjektet 2017 til 2022 Kommuneergoterapi. Kjennetegn før og etter å ha blitt en lovpålagt tjeneste.
• Hagby, Cathrine; Arntzen, Cathrine; Dolva, Anne-Stine; Horghagen, Sissel; Sveen, Unni & Bonsaksen, Tore [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Kommuneergoterapi: Kjennetegn før og etter å ha blitt en lovpålagt tjeneste.
• Carstensen, Tove; Opseth, Thea M. & Bonsaksen, Tore (2017). Koss terapeut e du?
• Opseth, Thea M.; Carstensen, Tove & Bonsaksen, Tore (2017). Trivsel i arbeidet blant norske ergoterapeuter.
• Hagby, Cathrine; Arntzen, Cathrine; Horghagen, Sissel; Dolva, Anne-Stine; Sveen, Unni & Thyness, Else Merete [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2017). Kjennetegn ved den kommunale ergoterapitjenesten i Norge i 2017.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Fong, Kenneth; Lim, Hua Beng & Brown, Ted (2017). Hva karakteriserer studenter som presterer godt på ergoterapistudiet? En kryss-kulturell studie.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Sadeghi, Talieh & Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus (2017). Mestringsforventning bidrar til å forklare ergoterapistudenters tilnærming til det å studere.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Ellingham, Brian & Thyness, Else Merete (2017). Klinisk resonnering: En bok er født!
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus; Kjeken, Ingvild; Sveen, Unni; Aas, Randi Wågø & Lund, Anne (2017). Karaktersetting på ergoterapistudenters bacheloroppgaver: Hvor enige er sensorene?
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Ellingham, Brian & Yazdani, Farzaneh (2017). Bruk av deg selv i terapi, del II (N-SERIC).
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Ellingham, Brian (2017). Klinisk resonnering – veien til reflektert yrkesutøvelse. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 60(6), s. 50–51.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Kjeken, Ingvild (2017). Hvordan holde et muntlig kongressfremlegg. Tore og Ingvilds Presentasjonsråd i Sammenfatning (TIPS). Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 60(3), s. 48–49.
• Yazdani, Farzaneh & Bonsaksen, Tore (2017). Introduction to the Model of Occupational Wholeness. Ergoscience. ISSN 1861-6348. 12(1), s. 32–36.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Ellingham, Brian & Yazdani, Farzaneh (2016). Bruk av deg selv i terapi, del I: N-SETMU.
• Yazdani, Farzaneh; WIllis, Suzie & Bonsaksen, Tore (2016). Workshop on the Intentional Relationship Model.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2016). Self-efficacy and use of activities in therapeutic settings.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2016). Using the Intentional Relationship Model in practice.
• Ellingham, Brian & Bonsaksen, Tore (2016). Klinisk vurdering av ferdigheter i kommunikasjon og interaksjon – kurs i bruk av Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills (ACIS), Dag 2.
• Ellingham, Brian & Bonsaksen, Tore (2016). Klinisk vurdering av ferdigheter i kommunikasjon og interaksjon – kurs i bruk av Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills (ACIS).
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2016). Den terapeutiske relasjonen i ergoterapi - teori, praksis, forskning.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2016). Pedagogikk i ergoterapiutdanningen.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2016). Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills (ACIS).
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2016). The Intentional Relationship Model (IRM).
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Fagermoen, May Solveig & Lerdal, Anners (2016). Utviklingsforløpet av fysisk og mental helse etter pasientopplæring for personer med KOLS. BestPractice. Lungemedisin. 6(9), s. 9–11.
• Yazdani, Farzaneh; Raber, Christine & Bonsaksen, Tore (2016). The 2016 COTEC-ENOTHE Congress: Some reflections. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 59(4), s. 42–46.
• Yazdani, Farzaneh & Bonsaksen, Tore (2016). A reflection on reviewing the occupational therapy curriculum. OTnews.
• Van Antwerp, Leah R.; Donohue, Mary V. & Bonsaksen, Tore (2016). Reflections after the 2016 AOTA Annual Conference. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 59(3), s. 40–45.
• Brown, Ted; Bonsaksen, Tore & Fong, Kenneth (2016). Are occupational therapy students' approaches to study a predictor of their academic achievement?
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Eirum, Mari Nesset & Donohue, Mary V. (2016). The Social Profiles of occupational therapy students' educational groups.
• Fouad, Maria; Bonsaksen, Tore; Skarpaas, Lisebet Skeie; Nordli, Hege; Fekete, Orsolya Reka & Stimo, Torhild (2016). Characteristics of Norwegian clubhouse members and factors associated with their participation in work and education.
• Decker, Lone; Hansen, Henrik; Torgrimsen, Silje & Bonsaksen, Tore (2016). Teaching the Intentional Relationship Model to occupational therapy students.
• Scott, Patricia J.; Meidert, Ursula; Bonsaksen, Tore & Fenger, Kristjana (2016). The Modified Role Checklist as a cross-culturally valid measure of participation.
• Brown, Ted; Fong, Kenneth & Bonsaksen, Tore (2016). A cross-cultural comparison of occupational therapy students' approaches to academic study.
• Stimo, Torhild; Jarål, Grethe Berntsen; Ellestad, Anne-Kari; Ellingham, Brian; Skarpaas, Lisebet Skeie & Bonsaksen, Tore (2016). The Clubhouse model - A Method in harmony with occupational therapy theory?
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2016). Validation of the Norwegian translation of the Self-Assessment of Modes Questionnaire II.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Horghagen, Sissel (2016). Forsker på utdanning og psykisk helse. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 59(1), s. 78–79.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Kvarsnes, Hildegunn; Eirum, Mari Nesset; Torgrimsen, Silje & Hussain, Ratna (2015). Egenvurdering av terapeutstil - versjon II.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Lund, Anne; Ellingham, Brian; Hussain, Ratna; Meier, Margrit R & Sveen, Unni (2015). Kartlegging av Dine Aktiviteter (KDA).
• Scott, Patricia J.; Bonsaksen, Tore; Haglund, Lena; Forsyth, Kirsty & Yamada, Takashi (2015). New Developments in a Traditional Assessment to Measure Occupational Role Participation Consistent with MOHO and the ICF.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2015). Reflections after the MOHO Institute 2015.
• Nakamura-Thomas, Hiromi; Van Antwerp, Leah R.; Ikiugu, Moses; Scott, Patricia J. & Bonsaksen, Tore (2015). Summary and reflections following the 4th International MOHO Institute. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 58(6).
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2015). Addication as occupation? Initiating a discussion.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Scott, Patricia J. (2015). Clinical Applications of the Role Checklist Version 2: Quality of Performance.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Kvarsnes, Hildegunn & Eirum, Mari N. (2015). Sosial Profil.
• Fagermoen, May Solveig; Bonsaksen, Tore & Lerdal, Anners (2015). Pasientopplæring kan bidra til positive endringer i faktorer knyttet til mestring av helseproblemer - en longitudinell studie.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Lerdal, Anners & Fagermoen, May Solveig (2015). Mestringsforventning hos personer med KOLS. BestPractice. Lungemedisin. 5(9), s. 20–23.
• Kvarsnes, Hildegunn; Dahl, Mona & Bonsaksen, Tore (2015). Studenter som forskningsassistenter i ergoterapi – hvorfor og hvordan? Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 58(4), s. 32–37.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Kvarsnes, Hildegunn (2015). Advancing occupational therapy. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 58(4), s. 52–55.
• Stimo, Torhild; Jarål, Grethe Berntsen; Ellestad, Anne-Kari; Ellingham, Brian; Skarpaas, Lisebet Skeie & Bonsaksen, Tore (2015). Fontenehusmodellen i Norge: En metode i harmoni med tenkning i ergoterapifaget? Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 58(4), s. 22–30.
• Dolva, Anne-Stine; Sveen, Unni; Bonsaksen, Tore; Hagby, Cathrine; Horghagen, Sissel & Solbakken, Alf Inge [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). Hvilke undersøkelses- og vurderingsredskaper bruker norske ergoterapeuter? Resultater fra medlemsundersøkelsen i 2013: Del 3 . Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 58(2), s. 44–49.
• Kvarsnes, Hildegunn & Bonsaksen, Tore (2015). Research assistants in occupational therapy (RIOT): An opportunity for the advancement of occupational therapy?
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2015). Assessment of communication and interaction skills: Litt om hva, hvordan, hvorfor, og noen erfaringer.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2015). Addiction as occupation? British Journal of Occupational Therapy. ISSN 0308-0226. 78(3), s. 205–206. doi: 10.1177/0308022615575025.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Lorentzen, Marte (2015). Hvordan kan man integrere læringsfremmede tilbakemeldinger i utdanningene? [Internett]. http://blogg.hioa.no/fpksatsing/2015/02/02/fra-utdanningene-.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Hagby, Cathrine; Solbakken, Alf Inge; Horghagen, Sissel; Sveen, Unni & Dolva, Anne-Stine [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2015). I hvilke situasjoner bruker norske ergoterapeuter undersøkelses- og vurderingsredskaper? Resultater fra medlemsundersøkelsen i 2013: Del 2. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 58(2), s. 38–42.
• Ellingham, Brian; Hussain, Ratna & Bonsaksen, Tore (2014). Brukermanual for kartlegging av ferdigheter i kommunikasjon og interaksjon. Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus. ISSN 978-82-93208-78-5.
• Hagby, Cathrine; Bonsaksen, Tore; Dolva, Anne-Stine; Horghagen, Sissel; Sveen, Unni & Solbakken, Alf Inge [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2014). Bruker norske ergoterapeuter undersøkelses- og vurderingsredskaper? Resultater fra medlemsundersøkelsen i 2013: Del 1. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 57(4), s. 22–27.
• Vøllestad, Knut; Torgrimsen, Silje; Öqvist, Therese & Bonsaksen, Tore (2014). Interpersonlig resonnering - praktisk anvendelse av modellen for tilsiktet samspill. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 57(5), s. 44–50.
• Ellingham, Brian; Bonsaksen, Tore & Hiromi, Nakamura-Thomas (2014). The Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills (ACIS).
• Scott, Patricia J.; Bonsaksen, Tore; Forsyth, Kirsty; Haglund, Lena; Meidert, Ursula & Yamada, Takashi (2014). Establishing cross-cultural validity of the Role Checklist Version 2: Quality of Performance (RC V2: QP).
• Ellingham, Brian; Myraunet, Ingunn; Celo, Cecilia; Granå, Kjell Emil & Bonsaksen, Tore (2014). Experiences of occupational therapists and occupational therapy students in using the Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills in mental health settings in Norway.
• Nakamura-Thomas, Hiromi; Bonsaksen, Tore & Kyougoku, M (2014). Measuring Communication Skills among Occupational Therapy Students using the Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills (ACIS).
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Vøllestad, Knut (2014). Self-reported therapeutic style in occupational therapy students.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Ellingham, Brian; Celo, Cecilia; Hiromi, Nakamura-Thomas & Myraunet, Ingunn (2014). Utilizing the Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills in a fieldwork design to facilitate occupational therapy students’ learning.
• Hagby, Cathrine & Bonsaksen, Tore (2014). Fagartikler i Ergoterapeuten - status og oppdaterte retningslinjer fra 2014. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 57(2), s. 50–53.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Hermansen, Hege (2014). Sampublisering med studenter. [Internett]. http://khrono.no/debatt/sampublisering-med-studenter.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Hermansen, Hege (2014). Sampublisering med studenter gjennom videreutvikling av bacheloroppgaver. [Internett]. https://blogg.hioa.no/fpksatsing/2014/03/31/fra-utdanningene.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Haukeland-Parker, Stacey; Lerdal, Anners & Fagermoen, May Solveig (2014). Oppfatninger om egen sykdom har betydning for livskvaliteten hos personer med KOLS. BestPractice. Lungemedisin. 4(11), s. 8–11.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Vøllestad, Knut (2014). Modellen for tilsiktet samspill - the Intentional Relationship Model (IRM).
• Aslaksen, Maya; Scott, Patricia J.; Haglund, Lena; Ellingham, Brian & Bonsaksen, Tore (2014). Occupational Therapy Process in a Psychiatric Hospital - Using the Role Checklist Version 2: Quality of Performance. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 57(4), s. 38–45.
• Myraunet, Ingunn; Celo, Cecilia; Ellingham, Brian; Granå, Kjell Emil & Bonsaksen, Tore (2014). Hva skjer mellom oss? Vurdering av kommunikasjons- og samhandlingsferdigheter hos mennesker med psykiske lidelser. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 57(4), s. 46–52.
• Korban, Elisabet T. & Bonsaksen, Tore (2014). Riktig strategi til riktig tid – Bruk av den transteoretiske modellen for å fremme fysisk aktivitet hos personer med depresjon. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 57(2), s. 34–42.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2014). Engaging students in research and inquiry: Issues to consider. British Journal of Therapy & Rehabilitation (BJTR). ISSN 1354-8581. 21(3), s. 108–109.
• Öqvist, Therese; Torgrimsen, Silje; Vøllestad, Knut & Bonsaksen, Tore (2013). The Intentional Relationship Model (IRM) and its utility in clinical practice.
• Myraunet, Ingunn; Bonsaksen, Tore; Celo, Cecilia; Ellingham, Brian & Granå, Kjell Emil (2013). Et praksisdesign som fremmer ergoterapistudenters læring.
• Hagby, Cathrine; Thyness, Else Merete; Bonsaksen, Tore; Sveen, Unni; Dolva, Anne-Stine & Horghagen, Sissel [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2013). Hvordan kan vi lage et enda bedre fagblad?
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Celo, Cecilia; Myraunet, Ingunn; Granå, Kjell Emil & Ellingham, Brian (2013). Partnerskap mellom utdanning og praksisfelt kan fremmes gjennom studenters praksisperioder.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Vøllestad, Knut (2013). Selvrapportert terapeutstil blant studenter i ergoterapi.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Fagermoen, May Solveig & Lerdal, Anners (2013). Forløp av mestringsforventning hos personer med kronisk sykdom etter deltakelse på Lærings og mestringskurs: en longitudinell studie.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Vøllestad, Knut & Taylor, Renee R. (2013). The Intentional Relationship Model – Use of the therapeutic relationship in occupational therapy practice. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 56(5), s. 26–31.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Kjeken, Ingvild (2013). Hvordan holde et muntlig kongressfremlegg? Tore og Ingvilds Presentasjonsråd i Sammenfatning (TIPS). Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 56(3), s. 34–35.
• Mostad, Marita; Skjelbred, Mariken Røsnes; Bråten, Veslemøy & Bonsaksen, Tore (2013). Forventning om mestring – et perspektiv på aktivitetsmotivasjon blant klienter med depresjon. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 56(4), s. 30–35.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Myraunet, Ingunn; Celo, Cecilia; Granå, Kjell Emil & Ellingham, Brian (2012). Usefulness of the Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills as experienced by occupational therapy practitioners and their students.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Ellingham, Brian (2012). Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills (ACIS): Kartlegging av ferdigheter i kommunikasjon og interaksjon ved utførelse av aktiviteter og bruk av redskapet innen psykisk helsearbeid.
• Fagermoen, May Solveig; Lerdal, Anners & Bonsaksen, Tore (2011). Kan endring i mestring etter LMS-kurs måles?
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2011). Commentary to "Physical activity participation, functional exercise capacity and self-esteem in patients with schizophrenia". International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation (IJTR). ISSN 1741-1645. 18(4), s. 230–230.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2011). The role of mindfulness in physical activity. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation (IJTR). ISSN 1741-1645. 18(3), s. 177–177.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Melton, Jane (2011). The MOHO Institute 2011: Summary and Reflections. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 54(1), s. 6–9.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Hustadnes, Anne Lise; Axelsen, Per Møller & Bjørnsborg, Eva (2011). Lærer å mestre sykelig fedme. Tidsskriftet sykepleien. ISSN 0806-7511. 99(2), s. 58–60.
• Andenæs, Randi; Lerdal, Anners; Bjørnsborg, Eva; Bonsaksen, Tore; Borge, Lisbet & Eide, Hilde [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Personal factors associated with Health Related Quality of Life in patients attending patient education courses while waiting for Bariatric Surgery. Vis sammendrag

  AIMS: In Norway, patients who are on the waiting list for bariatric surgery have to attend a comprehensive patient education course at a Patient Education Resource Center. Previous research has shown that obesity is related to the individuals self-report of physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to explore factors related to HRQoL that might be targeted in future health promotion interventions among participants in patient educational courses. METHODS: Data were collected in a cross-sectional correlation design by self-reported questionnaires. Setting: Day 1 or 2 in health promotion educational courses in Norway. Subjects: Out of the 185 patients who attended the courses, 142 (76.8%) volunteered to participate and 128 had valid responses on all items. Mean age was 42.4 years (SD=10.4) and 90 of the participants (70.3%) were women. Measures: HRQoL was measured with the Short Form-12v2 . Other standardized instruments measured Self-Esteem Scale (RSES 4 item version), Sense of Coherence (SOC-13), Self efficacy (GSE), Coping style (BACQ), social support, and regular physical activity. Descriptive, correlational and multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: The obese scored lower on all the HRQoL sub-domains compared with norms. Lower age, having a paid job, being physical active was related to the participants physical health. Multivariate analyses showed that personal factors explained 3.6% of the variance in physical health and 41.6% in the mental health. CONCLUSIONS: Personal factors as self-esteem, sense of coherence and a high approached coping style are strongly related to obese peoples mental health.

• Hagby, Cathrine & Bonsaksen, Tore (2010). Retningslinjer for fagartikler i Ergoterapeuten. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 53(4), s. 46–47.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Hagby, Cathrine (2010). Kommentarartikler i Ergoterapeuten – en ny arena for faglig diskusjon. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 53(5), s. 38–39.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Myraunet, Ingunn; Celo, Cecilia; Granå, Kjell Emil & Ellingham, Brian (2010). Bedre samarbeid mellom utdanning og praksis – erfaringer fra ACIS-prosjektet. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 53(6), s. 52–55.
• Andenæs, Randi; Lerdal, Anners; Bjørnsborg, Eva; Bonsaksen, Tore; Borge, Lisbet & Christiansen, Bjørg [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2010). Personal factors associated with health related quality of life in patients attending patient education courses while waiting for bariatric surgery. Quality of Life Research. ISSN 0962-9343. 19.
• Brown, Ted; Voigt-Radloff, Sebastian; Bonsaksen, Tore & van Nes, Fenna (2009). Respons op “Reacties” op het artikel “Wetenschappenlijk onderzoek in de ergotherapie: Overdenkingen na het achtste Europese ergotherapiecongres”. Voortzetting van de dialoog. Wetenschappenlijk Tijdschrift voor Ergotherapie. ISSN 1876-3227. s. 27–29.
• Lund, Henriette Tuer; Ouazzif, Loubna; Edsbergløkken, Vidar & Bonsaksen, Tore (2009). Fysisk aktivitet ved alvorlig psykisk lidelse: Bakgrunn, intervensjon og kliniske erfaringer. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 52(9), s. 30–33.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Ouazzif, Loubna & Edsbergløkken, Vidar (2009). Fysisk aktivitet for pasienter med alvorlig psykisk lidelse.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2009). Occupational Therapy and Life Course Development: A Work Book for Professional Practice. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation (IJTR). ISSN 1741-1645. 16(10), s. 573–574.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Torgersen, Tone (2008). Fagidentitet i ergoterapi. En gjennomgang av fagartikler i Ergoterapeuten i 2007. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 51(3), s. 26–31.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Lerdal, Anners; Borge, Finn-Magnus; Borge, Finn Magnus & Hoffart, Asle (2008). Utvikling av gruppeklima : hva betyr det for pasienters bedring i gruppeterapi? Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 51(2), s. 12–19.
• Bonsaksen, Tore; Brown, Ted & Voigt-Radloff, Sebastian (2008). Occupational Therapy Research: Where do we take it from here? International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation (IJTR). ISSN 1741-1645. 15(9).
• Brown, Ted; Voigt-Radloff, Sebastian & Bonsaksen, Tore (2008). Research in Occupational Therapy. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 51(11), s. 32–37.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Torgersen, Tone Magna (2008). Fagidentitet i ergoterapi. En gjennomgang av fagartikler i Ergoterapeuten i 2007. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 51(3), s. 26–31.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2004). Endring av samspill, endring av selvbilde. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 47(6), s. 54–57.
• Bonsaksen, Tore (1997). En hilsen til nissen på lasset. Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 40(6), s. 8–12.
• Bonsaksen, Tore & Baklien, Børge (2024). PROWORK – evaluering av en ny praksismodell for å fremme arbeidsdeltakelse blant unge med nedsatt arbeidsevne. Høgskolen i Innlandet.
• Heir, Trond; Hansen, Marianne Bang; Bonsaksen, Tore; Saur, Randi & Brunes, Audun (2022). Synstap og psykisk helse. NKVTS, Nasjonal behandlingstjeneste for sansetap og psykisk helse. ISSN 978-82-8122-167-3.
• Kolltveit, Eldri; Bonsaksen, Tore & Berge, Guro (2021). Kva fremjar og kva hemmar deltaking i fysiske treningsgrupper ved ein kommunal frisklivssentral? VID. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Bonsaksen, Tore (2007). Predikerer gruppeklimaet behandlingsresultat i gruppeterapi? En sammenliknende studie av interpersonlig terapi og kognitiv terapi for innlagte pasienter med sosial fobi. Universitetet i Sørøst-Norge/Universitetet i Søraust-Noreg.

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