Carlos Orestes Martin Medina

• Nunes da Silva, Vinicius Fernandes; Farias de Menezes, Fabricia; Gonçalves, Adilson Roberto; Martín, Carlos & de Moraes Rocha, George Jackson (2024). Modulating the properties and structure of lignins produced by alkaline delignification of sugarcane bagasse pretreated with two different mineral acids at pilot-scale. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. ISSN 0141-8130. 263. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130111.
• Martín, Carlos; Xiong, Shaojun; Passoth, Volkmar; Põldmaa, Kadri; Solberg, Svein Øivind & Hultberg, M [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2023). Mushrooms for enhanced agriculture sustainability the MUSA concept. C3-Bioeconomy. ISSN 2660-9126. p. 131–146. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  El proyecto MUSA – MUshrooms for Sustainable Agriculture [Setas para una Agricultura Sostenible] es un esfuerzo para utilizar procesos basados en setas comestibles con el fin de mejorar la sostenibilidad de la agricultura en los países nórdicos y bálticos. El proyecto abarca tanto la producción de esporocarpos de hongos comestibles como el aprovechamiento del sustrato agotado resultante del cultivo de dichos hongos. Se investiga el uso de residuos de la agricultura nórdica y flujos subutilizados del manejo forestal, así como subproductos del procesamiento de la madera como sustrato para la producción de los hongos comestibles shiitake (Lentinula edodes) y pleuroto ostra (Pleurotus spp.). El proyecto explora el potencial del sustrato agotado de setas (SMS por sus siglas en inglés) para su uso en apoyo a la producción de alimentos. Se evalúa el potencial del SMS como fuente de compuestos bioactivos y de azúcares. Además, MUSA investiga el uso de los hidrolizados de SMS como fuente de carbono para la producción de aceite microbiano de calidad alimentaria cultivando levaduras oleaginosas. También se evalúa el uso del SMS para sustituir fertilizantes minerales y proporcionar soluciones de biorremediación de aguas residuales. Setas comestibles, sustrato agotado del cultivo de setas, biorefinería, agricultura sostenible.

• Castro, Eulogio; Strætkvern, Knut Olav; Romero-García, J.M. & Martín, Carlos (2023). Pretreatment and Bioconversion for Valorization of Residues of Non-Edible Oilseeds. Agronomy. ISSN 2073-4395. 13(9). doi: 10.3390/agronomy13092196. Full text in Research Archive
• Martín, Carlos; Zervakis, Georgios I.; Xiong, Shaojun; Koutrotsios, Georgios & Strætkvern, Knut Olav (2023). Spent substrate from mushroom cultivation: exploitation potential toward various applications and value-added products. Bioengineered. ISSN 2165-5979. 14(1). doi: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2252138. Full text in Research Archive
• Miranda, Diego A.; Marín, Katherine; Sundman, Ola; Hedenström, Mattias; Quillaguaman, Jorge & Gorzsás, András [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2023). Production and Characterization of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) from Halomonas boliviensis LC1 Cultivated in Hydrolysates of Quinoa Stalks. Fermentation. ISSN 2311-5637. 9(6). doi: 10.3390/fermentation9060556. Full text in Research Archive
• Klausen, Sarah Jasmin; Falck-Ytter, Anne Bergljot; Strætkvern, Knut Olav & Martín, Carlos (2023). Evaluation of the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds and the Saccharification of Cellulose as a Route for the Valorization of Spent Mushroom Substrate. Molecules. ISSN 1431-5157. 28(13). doi: 10.3390/molecules28135140. Full text in Research Archive
• Medina, Carlos Orestes Martin; Carrasco, Cristhian; Jönsson, Leif J.; Romero-Soto, Luis; Chambi, Diego & Oliva-Taravilla, A (2022). Biorefining of quinoa residues for production of advanced biofuels and biopolymers. European biomass conference and exhibition proceedings. ISSN 2282-5819. doi: 10.5071/30thEUBCE2022-6CV.9.1.
• Chen, Feng; Medina, Carlos Orestes Martin; Finell, Michael & Xiong, Shaojun (2022). Enabling efficient bioconversion of birch biomass by Lentinula edodes: regulatory roles of nitrogen and bark additions on mushroom production and cellulose saccharification. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. ISSN 2190-6815. 12, p. 1217–1227. doi: 10.1007/s13399-020-00794-y. Show summary

  Pretreatment with edible white-rot fungi has advantages in low inputs of energy and chemicals for reducing the recalcitrance of woody biomass for bioethanol production while harvesting protein-rich food. The effectiveness of fungal pretreatment may vary with substrate composition. In this study, birch with or without bark and nitrogen additives were experimentally studied for their effects on shiitake production, substrate lignocellulosic degradation and enzymatic convertibility with cellulolytic enzymes. Whey was added as protein nitrogen and led to successful outcomes, while non-protein nitrogen urea and ammonium-nitrate resulted in mortality of fungal mycelia. The mushroom yields of one harvest were generally comparable between the treatments, averaging 651 g fresh weight per kilogram dry substrate, and high enough as to be profitable. Nitrogen loading (0.5–0.8%, dry mass) negatively affected lignin degradation and enzymatic convertibility and prolonged cultivation/pretreatment time. The added bark (0–20%) showed quadratic correlation with degradation of lignin, xylan and glucan as well as enzymatic digestibility of glucan. Nitrogen loading of < 0.6% led to maximal mass degradation of xylan and lignin at bark ratios of 4–9% and 14–19%, respectively, peak saccharification of glucan at 6–12% and the shortest pretreatment time at 8–13% bark. The designed substrates resulted in 19–35% of glucan mass loss after fungal pretreatment, less than half of the previously reported values. Nitrogen and bark additions can regulate lignocellulose degradation and saccharification of birch-based substrates. The designed substrate composition could considerably reduce cellulose consumption during fungal pretreatment, thus improving bioconversion efficiency.

• Chambi, Diego; Lundqvist, Jenny; Nygren, Erik; Romero-Soto, Luis; Marín, Katherine & Gorzsás, András [Show all 13 contributors for this article] (2022). Production of exopolysaccharides by cultivation of halotolerant Bacillus atrophaeus BU4 in glucose- and xylose-based synthetic media and in hydrolysates of quinoa stalks. Fermentation. ISSN 2311-5637. 8(2). doi: 10.3390/fermentation8020079. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A halotolerant, exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium isolated from the Salar de Uyuni salt flat in Bolivia was identified as Bacillus atrophaeus using next-generation sequencing. Comparisons indicate that the genome most likely (p-value: 0.0024) belongs to a subspecies previously not represented in the database. The growth of the bacterial strain and its ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) in synthetic media with glucose or xylose as carbon sources, and in hydrolysates of quinoa stalks, was investigated. The strain grew well in all synthetic media, but the growth in glucose was better than that in xylose. Sugar consumption was better when initial concentrations were low. The growth was good in enzymatically produced cellulosic hydrolysates but was inhibited in hemicellulosic hydrolysates produced using hydrothermal pretreatment. The EPS yields were up to 0.064 g/g on initial glucose and 0.047 g/g on initial xylose, and was higher in media with relatively low sugar concentrations. The EPS was isolated and purified by a sequential procedure including centrifugation, cold ethanol precipitation, trichloroacetic acid treatment, dialysis, and freeze-drying. Glucose and mannose were the main sugars identified in hydrolyzed EPS. The EPS was characterized by size-exclusion chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, heteronuclear single-quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (HSQC NMR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. No major differences were elucidated between EPS resulting from cultivations in glucose- or-xylose-based synthetic media, while some divergences with regard to molecular-weight averages and FTIR and HSQC NMR spectra were detected for EPS from hydrolysate-based media.

• Martín, Carlos; Dixit, Pooja; Momayez, Forough & Jönsson, Leif J. (2022). Hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstocks to facilitate biochemical conversion. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. ISSN 2296-4185. 10. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.846592. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks to advanced biofuels and other biobased commodities typically includes physical diminution, hydrothermal pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and valorization of sugars and hydrolysis lignin. This approach is also known as a sugar-platform process. The goal of the pretreatment is to facilitate the ensuing enzymatic saccharification of cellulose, which is otherwise impractical due to the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic feedstocks. This review focuses on hydrothermal pretreatment in comparison to alternative pretreatment methods, biomass properties and recalcitrance, reaction conditions and chemistry of hydrothermal pretreatment, methodology for characterization of pretreatment processes and pretreated materials, and how pretreatment affects subsequent process steps, such as enzymatic saccharification and microbial fermentation. Biochemical conversion based on hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstocks has emerged as a technology of high industrial relevance and as an area where advances in modern industrial biotechnology become useful for reducing environmental problems and the dependence on fossil resources.

• Momayez, Forough; Hedenström, Mattias; Stagge, Stefan; Jönsson, Leif & Martín, Carlos (2022). Valorization of hydrolysis lignin from a spruce-based biorefinery by applying γ-valerolactone treatment. Bioresource Technology. ISSN 0960-8524. 359. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127466. Full text in Research Archive
• Chen, Feng; Medina, Carlos Orestes Martin; Lestander, Torbjörn A.; Grimm, Alejandro & Xiong, Shaojun (2022). Shiitake cultivation as biological preprocessing of lignocellulosic feedstocks – Substrate changes in crystallinity, syringyl/guaiacyl lignin and degradation-derived by-products. Bioresource Technology. ISSN 0960-8524. 344. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126256. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Formulation of substrates based on three hardwood species combined with modulation of nitrogen content by whey addition (0–2%) was investigated in an experiment designed in D-optimal model for their effects on biological preproceesing of lignocellulosic feedstock by shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) cultivation. Nitrogen loading was shown a more significant role than wood species for both mushroom production and lignocellulose degradation. The fastest mycelial colonisation occurred with no nitrogen supplementation, but the highest mushroom yields were achieved when 1% whey was added. Low nitrogen content resulted in increased delignification and minimal glucan consumption. Delignification was correlated with degradation of syringyl lignin unit, as indicated by a significant reduction (41.5%) of the syringyl-to-guaiacyl ratio after cultivation. No significant changes in substrate crystallinity were observed. The formation of furan aldehydes and aliphatic acids was negligible during the pasteurisation and fungal cultivation, while the content of soluble phenolics increased up to seven-fold.

• Carrasco, Cristhian; Jönsson, Leif J. & Martín, Carlos (2021). Hydrothermal pretreatment of water-extracted and aqueous-ethanol-extracted quinoa stalks for enzymatic saccharification of cellulose. Energies. ISSN 1996-1073. 14(14). doi: 10.3390/en14144102.
• Flores-Copa, V; Romero-Soto, Luis; Romero-Calle, D; Alvarez-Aliaga, MT; Orozco-Gutiérrez, F & Vega-Baudrit, J [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2021). Residual brewing yeast as substrate for co-production of cell biomass and biofilm using Candida maltosa SM4. Fermentation. ISSN 2311-5637. 72(2). doi: 10.3390/fermentation7020084.
• Ilanidis, Dimitrios; Stagge, Stefan; Jönsson, Leif J. & Martín, Carlos (2021). Hydrothermal pretreatment of wheat straw: effects of temperature and acidity on by-product formation and inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanolic fermentation. Agronomy. ISSN 2073-4395. 11(3). doi: 10.3390/agronomy11030487.
• Chambi, Diego; Romero-Soto, Luis; Villca, R; Orozco-Gutiérrez, F; Vega-Baudrit, J & Quillaguaman, Jorge [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2021). Exopolysaccharides production by cultivating a bacterial isolate from the hypersaline environment of Salar de Uyuni (Bolivia) in pretreatment liquids of steam-exploded quinoa stalks and enzymatic hydrolysates of Curupaú sawdust. Fermentation. ISSN 2311-5637. 7(1). doi: 10.3390/fermentation7010033.
• Chen, Feng; Grimm, Alejandro; Eilertsen, L.; Martín, Carlos; Arshadi, Mehrdad & Xiong, Shaojun (2021). Integrated production of edible mushroom (Auricularia auricular-judae), fermentable sugar and solid biofuel. Renewable Energy. ISSN 0960-1481. 170, p. 172–180. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.124.
• Martín, Carlos; Ilanidis, Dimitrios; Wu, Guochao; Stagge, Stefan & Jönsson, Leif J. (2021). Effects of redox environment on hydrothermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass under acidic conditions. Bioresource Technology. ISSN 0960-8524. 319. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124211.
• Martín, Carlos; Ilanidis, Dimitrios; Stagge, Stefan & Jönsson, Leif J. (2021). Effects of operational conditions on auto-catalyzed and sulfuric-acid-catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse at different severity factor. Industrial crops and products (Print). ISSN 0926-6690. 159. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.113077.
• Martín, Carlos (2021). Pretreatment of crop residues for bioconversion. Agronomy. ISSN 2073-4395. 11(5). doi: 10.3390/agronomy11050924.
• Chen, Feng; Xiong, Shaojun; Gandla, Madhavi Latha; Stagge, Stefan & Medina, Carlos Orestes Martin (2021). Spent mushroom substrates for ethanol production – Effect of chemical and structural factors on enzymatic saccharification and ethanolic fermentation of Lentinula edodes-pretreated hardwood. Bioresource Technology. ISSN 0960-8524. 347, p. 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126381. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Spent mushroom substrates (SMS) from cultivation of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) on three hardwood species were investigated regarding their potential for cellulose saccharification and for ethanolic fermentation of the produced hydrolysates. High glucan digestibility was achieved during enzymatic saccharification of the SMSs, which was related to the low mass fractions of lignin and xylan, and it was neither affected by the relative content of lignin guaiacyl units nor the substrate crystallinity. The high nitrogen content in SMS hydrolysates, which was a consequence of the fungal pretreatment, was positive for the fermentation, and it ensured ethanol yields corresponding to 84–87% of the theoretical value in fermentations without nutrient supplementation. Phenolic compounds and acetic acid were detected in the SMS hydrolysates, but due to their low concentrations, the inhibitory effect was limited. The solid leftovers resulting from SMS hydrolysis and the fermentation residues were quantified and characterized for further valorisation.

• Chacón-Navarrete, Helena; Medina, Carlos Orestes Martin & Moreno-García, Jaime (2021). Yeast immobilization systems for second-generation ethanol production: actual trends and future perspectives. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. ISSN 1932-104X. 15(5), p. 1549–1565. doi: 10.1002/bbb.2250. Full text in Research Archive
• Rocha, GJM; Andrade, L; Martín, Carlos; Araujo, GT; Filho, V & Curvelo, A (2020). Simultaneous obtaining of oxidized lignin and cellulosic pulp from steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse. Industrial crops and products (Print). ISSN 0926-6690. 147.
• Chen, Feng; Xiong, Shaojun; Sundelin, J; Martín, Carlos & Hultberg, M (2020). Potential for combined production of food and biofuel: cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius on soft- and hardwood sawdusts. Journal of Cleaner Production. ISSN 0959-6526. 266.
• Oliva-Taravilla, A; Carrasco, Carlos; Jönsson, Leif J. & Martín, Carlos (2020). Effects of biosurfactants on enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of pretreated softwood. Molecules. ISSN 1431-5157. 25(16). doi: 10.3390/molecules25163559.

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• Martín, Carlos (2021). Pretreatment and bioconversion of crop residues. MDPI. ISBN 9783036514109. 248 p.

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• Martín, Carlos; Rodriguez, Alejandro & Montagnaro, Fabio (2023). Introduction to the RSC Advances themed collection Chemistry in Biorefineries. RSC Advances. ISSN 2046-2069. 13(41), p. 28561–28563. doi: 10.1039/d3ra90087h.
• Xiong, Shaojun; Martín, Carlos & Chen, F (2023). Residual forest biomass for combined production of food and biofuel.
• Miranda, Diego A.; Marin, Katherine; Sundman, Ola; Romero-Soto, Luis; Jönsson, Leif J. & Carrasco, Cristhian [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2023). Biopolymers from crop residues – Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production from cellulosic hydrolysates of quinoa stalks using Halomonas boliviensis.
• Moreno-García, Jaime; Espinosa, Eduardo; Martín, Carlos; Moreno, Juan José & Ogawa, M (2023). Applying the biorefinery concept to “Tempranillo” grape stalks: analyzing by-product fractions and bioethanol production.
• Miranda, Diego A.; Marin, Katherine; Sundman, Ola; Lundqvist, Jenny; Romero-Soto, Luis & Jönsson, Leif J. [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2023). From lignocellulosic residues to biopolymers – poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production from cellulosic hydrolysates of quinoa stalks using Halomonas boliviensis.
• Klausen, Sarah J.; Falck-Ytter, Anne Bergljot; Strætkvern, Knut Olav & Martín, Carlos (2023). Extraction of bioactive compounds and saccharification of polysaccharides for valorization of spent mushroom substrate following a biorefinery approach.
• Martín, Carlos (2023). Spent substrate from mushroom cultivation – potential of an unexplored feedstock for biorefinery exploitation.
• Gandla, Madhavi Latha; Tang, Chaojun; Martín, Carlos & Jönsson, Leif J. (2023). Enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. In Jeshke, Peter & Starikov, Evgeni B (Ed.), Agricultural Biocatalysis - Enzymes in Agriculture and Industry. Jenny Stanford Publishing. ISSN 9789814968478. p. 413–469.
• Rodríguez, Alejandro; Espinosa, Eduardo & Martín, Carlos (2023). Special Issue “Lignocellulosic Biomass II”. Molecules. ISSN 1431-5157. 28(17). doi: 10.3390/molecules28176230.
• Yangin-Gomec, Cigdem; Sárvári Horváth, Ilona & Martín, Carlos (2023). Energy Production from Biomass Valorization. Energies. ISSN 1996-1073. 16(11). doi: 10.3390/en16114300.

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